故事发生在20世纪80年代。7岁的美籍韩裔男孩David正面对着一个陌生的新环境和新生活方式，因为他的父亲Jacob，将家从西海岸搬到了偏僻的阿肯色州。而他的母亲Monica，非常反对家人一起住在这茫茫蛮荒之地的移动房屋里。顽皮的David和他的妹妹在这里也开始变得无聊了起来。之后，同样顽皮的外祖母从韩国来到美国，她的不同寻常吸引了David的好奇心。与此同时，Jacob一心一意地在未开发的土地上建立农场，但这却使他们的经济状况、他的婚姻和家庭稳定陷入危机。
丈夫雅各布辞掉在加州鉴别雏鸡雌雄的工作，带妻子莫妮卡和两个孩子来到阿肯色州的小山村。当莫妮卡看到眼前的移动房车时，莫妮卡表现得不知所措，甚至有些愤怒。她问雅各布：“这是什么地方？“，雅各布回答说：”我们的新家”。这说明莫尼卡是在未被告知全部信息的情况下搬到阿根色州。
在电影《米纳里》中，丈夫雅各布带着妻子莫妮卡和两个孩子来到阿肯色州的一个小山村定居，虽然这是一种追求新生活的选择，但莫妮卡的反应——对新家感到愤怒和不知所措——反映了她在此过程中的文化冲突和适应问题。这一现象可以从跨文化的角度进行以下分析：
1. 信息不对称与文化适应
信息透明度：从莫妮卡的反应来看，她并没有在决定搬家之前得到充分的信息，尤其是对新生活环境的期望和实际情况之间的差距。在跨文化情境中，文化适应不仅仅是语言的学习，还涉及到对新环境的理解和心理准备。雅各布可能认为这是一次改善生活的机会，但莫妮卡感到被置于一个她完全没有准备好的陌生环境中。这种信息不对称是跨文化冲突的常见表现之一，尤其是在家庭成员没有充分沟通和共同参与决策的情况下。
文化适应的难度：莫妮卡可能习惯了城市或更为舒适的生活环境，搬到一个小山村的艰苦条件和简陋的居住环境对她来说是一种巨大的文化冲击。她的愤怒和不适应表现出她对这种转变的抗拒，这也是跨文化适应过程中常见的情感反应。
2. 家庭角色与决策分配
丈夫与妻子的角色差异：在许多文化中，尤其是传统家庭结构中，丈夫通常是家庭的决策者，而妻子则更多依赖丈夫的决策。这种性别角色分工可能导致莫妮卡感到被排除在决策过程之外，特别是在这种跨文化的环境下，她没有充分参与决定是否搬迁以及搬迁的具体细节。雅各布做出迁移决定时，可能没有考虑到莫妮卡对新环境的适应问题，导致她的愤怒和失望。家庭成员之间在重大决定上缺乏充分沟通，可能导致文化冲突，尤其是在文化背景和生活习惯差异较大的情况下。
3. 对新环境的文化冲击
乡村与城市文化的差异：阿肯色州的小山村与莫妮卡之前生活的环境可能有很大的文化差异。例如，城市生活通常提供更多的便利设施和社交机会，而乡村生活则可能更加朴素，甚至缺乏基本的生活资源。在电影中，莫妮卡的反应反映了她对这种乡村环境的强烈不适，她感到自己的生活品质受到了威胁，这是跨文化适应中的常见现象，尤其是在面对资源、生活方式和社会支持系统的巨大差异时。
文化适应与家庭生存压力：莫妮卡的愤怒还可能来源于她对家庭生存的压力。在一个陌生且资源有限的环境中，她不仅要面对经济上的不确定性，还要适应文化和社交网络的缺乏。在美国，尤其是在城市中，家庭和个人往往有更多的选择和支持，而乡村生活则更加封闭和艰苦。这种环境差异使莫妮卡在文化适应过程中感到更加孤立无援。
4. 文化身份与迁移的心理影响
对身份的挑战：莫妮卡的愤怒和困惑还可以从文化身份的角度理解。对于许多移民或跨文化背景的家庭来说，搬到一个陌生的地方不仅是地理上的迁移，还是身份的挑战。莫妮卡原本可能拥有明确的身份和归属感——不管是作为一个城市居民，还是作为加州某个生活方式的一部分。搬到阿肯色州后，她面临着身份认同的迷失，需要在新的文化和环境中重新找到自我。这种文化身份的迷失可能是她无法立即适应新环境的原因之一。
5. 文化适应的时间性
逐步适应的过程：虽然莫妮卡的初始反应是愤怒和不适应，但在跨文化适应过程中，时间和经历往往能够帮助个体逐渐调整心态，找到与新环境的和谐共存。在《米纳里》中，随着故事的发展，观众看到莫妮卡开始逐渐适应和接受这种生活方式，尤其是她与孩子们的关系逐渐建立起来。跨文化适应是一个长期的过程，莫妮卡的经历体现了这种渐进式的文化适应。
结论
在《米纳里》中，莫妮卡的反应不仅反映了个人对迁移和新环境的适应问题，也揭示了跨文化适应中的情感冲突和心理挑战。从跨文化专家的角度来看，这种文化现象突显了信息透明度、家庭角色分配、文化冲击及文化身份认同在跨文化迁移中的重要性。理解这些因素有助于我们更好地支持文化适应和促进不同文化背景的个体和家庭的顺利过渡。
In the film Minari, Jacob brings his wife Monica and their two children to a small village in Arkansas after quitting his job in California, where he was identifying the gender of chicks. When Monica sees the mobile home, she is overwhelmed and even angry. She asks Jacob, “What is this place?” and Jacob replies, “Our new home.” This indicates that Monica moved to Arkansas without being fully informed about the situation. From a cross-cultural perspective, this cultural phenomenon can be explained in the following ways:
1. Asymmetry of Information and Cultural Adaptation
Information Transparency: Monica’s reaction shows that she wasn’t provided with enough information before deciding to move, especially regarding the gap between her expectations and the reality of the new living situation. In cross-cultural contexts, cultural adaptation involves not just learning the language but understanding and mentally preparing for the new environment. Jacob might have viewed this move as an opportunity to improve their lives, but Monica feels unprepared for the unfamiliar surroundings, which reflects a common cultural conflict that arises when there is a lack of clear communication or shared decision-making within the family.
Difficulty of Cultural Adaptation: Monica may be accustomed to city life or more comfortable living conditions, and the harsh realities of living in a small rural village are a cultural shock for her. Her anger and discomfort demonstrate her resistance to this change, a common emotional response in cross-cultural adaptation.
2. Family Roles and Decision-Making
Gender Roles in Decision-Making: In many cultures, particularly in traditional family structures, the husband is typically the decision-maker, and the wife is more dependent on his decisions. This division of roles may have led Monica to feel excluded from the decision-making process, especially when adjusting to a new cultural environment. Jacob’s decision to relocate might not have fully considered Monica’s potential challenges in adapting to this new lifestyle, resulting in her anger and disappointment. The lack of clear communication about such a significant decision can lead to cultural conflicts, especially when there are major differences in cultural backgrounds and lifestyle expectations.
3. Cultural Shock from the New Environment
Differences between Rural and Urban Cultures: The small village in Arkansas contrasts sharply with the environment Monica was used to. Urban life typically provides more amenities and social opportunities, whereas rural life can be more basic, even lacking essential resources. Monica’s reaction reflects her deep discomfort with this new rural setting, which she feels threatens her quality of life. This kind of cultural shock, especially when faced with significant differences in resources, lifestyle, and social support systems, is common in cross-cultural adaptation.
Pressure on Family Survival: Monica’s anger might also stem from the pressure she feels to ensure the family’s survival in a completely new and resource-poor environment. In urban areas, families often have more options and support networks, but rural life can feel isolating and harsh. The environmental differences make it more difficult for Monica to adapt, and the lack of support further exacerbates her sense of alienation.
4. Cultural Identity and Psychological Impact of Migration
Challenge to Identity: Monica’s anger and confusion can also be understood from the perspective of cultural identity. For many immigrants or cross-cultural families, moving to an unfamiliar place is not just a physical transition but a challenge to their sense of self. Monica likely had a clear identity and sense of belonging—whether as a city resident or as part of California’s way of life—before moving to Arkansas. In this new environment, she faces a loss of identity and needs to rediscover herself within a different cultural context. This loss of cultural identity is often a reason why someone may struggle to adapt to a new environment.
5. The Gradual Process of Cultural Adaptation
Step-by-Step Adjustment: Although Monica initially reacts with anger and discomfort, cultural adaptation is often a gradual process. Over time and as the story progresses, we see Monica begin to adjust to and accept her new lifestyle, particularly as she builds stronger relationships with her children. Cultural adaptation is a long-term process, and Monica’s experience illustrates the gradual nature of such transitions.
Conclusion
In Minari, Monica’s reaction not only reflects her personal struggles with migration and adjusting to a new environment but also highlights the emotional conflicts and psychological challenges involved in cross-cultural adaptation. From a cross-cultural expert’s perspective, this cultural phenomenon emphasizes the importance of information transparency, family role distribution, cultural shock, and cultural identity in the process of migration. Understanding these factors can help support smoother cultural transitions and facilitate successful adaptation for individuals and families from diverse cultural backgrounds.
不同的房间有分隔；厨房和客厅都在一个房间。莫妮卡（妻子）对雅各布说这个移动房不是他一开始说的那样子，并批评说住在这里只会让生活越来越糟糕。
在电影《米纳里》中，莫妮卡对雅各布选择的移动房车表示不满，称它与他最初承诺的不符，并批评住在这里只会让他们的生活变得更糟。这一文化现象可以从多个角度进行分析：
1. 期望与现实：沟通失误的影响
文化期望与沟通失误：莫妮卡的反应可以归因于她对新家期望和现实之间的巨大差距。在跨文化情境中，人们常常面临新环境中期望与实际情况不符的挑战。雅各布可能将移动房车视为一种临时且实用的解决方案，但他可能没有充分与莫妮卡沟通清楚情况。而莫妮卡则抱有不同的生活期望，尤其是在居住条件方面，当她发现现实与自己的期望不符时，自然产生了失望和愤怒。
对居住条件的文化看法：在一些文化中，人们非常重视居住条件，特别是家庭的居住环境。对于很多人来说，住得舒服、安稳是生活质量的重要体现。莫妮卡的失望反映了她对稳定和舒适生活的期待，而移动房车的选择则让她感到家庭生活质量的下降，这挑战了她对“家”的概念和个人的生活标准。
2. 性别角色与家庭决策
家庭决策中的女性角色：在许多文化中，男性往往主导迁移或家庭大事的决策，而女性可能未能在这些决策中充分参与。这种家庭决策的性别不平衡，可能会导致女性的不满和沮丧。雅各布单方面决定搬家，而没有充分征求莫妮卡的意见，这可能让莫妮卡感到被忽视和不尊重。尤其是在一些更为平等的文化中，缺乏共同决策可能会被认为是问题，因为这削弱了伙伴关系，并可能引发情感上的冲突。
女性的情感劳动：莫妮卡的批评还反映了家庭中通常分配给女性的情感劳动，尤其是在家庭生活管理方面。搬到一个新的地方并适应新环境是一项重大的责任，尤其是在为家庭创造一个“家”的过程中。女性通常被认为是家庭生活的核心，负责照料家庭成员的需求，莫妮卡的愤怒正是她在这个过程中承受的压力的体现。
3. 文化不适应与适应
不适应新文化环境：莫妮卡的反应反映了她在适应新文化环境中的不适感。搬离城市，移居到阿肯色州的一个乡村，可能意味着她需要面对完全不同的文化和生活方式。移动房车成为她不适应新环境的象征。她对这个新家的失望，实际上是她与陌生环境抗争的体现，反映了跨文化适应中的情感障碍。
失落感与疏离感：莫妮卡的不满也可以看作是她失落感的表现。没有清晰支持体系的陌生环境可能会加剧她的孤独感、焦虑感和对未来的不确定感。移动房车对于她来说象征着生活质量的下降，这使得她的失望情绪更加严重。她希望能够拥有一个安稳、舒适的家庭，而这种希望未能得到满足，从而加剧了她对现状的不满。
4. 物质与象征性地位的角色
物质主义与文化期望：在某些文化中，物质成就被视为社会地位和个人成就的体现。莫妮卡对移动房车的不满，也可以理解为她对生活水平下降的反应。她可能将这一搬迁视为一种退步，而这种退步与她对自己和家庭未来的期望相冲突。在许多文化中，人们认为通过努力获得更好的生活条件是个人成功的标志，而迁入移动房车则被看作是目标未达成的一种体现。
家的象征意义：在很多文化中，“家”不仅是居住的地方，它还是家庭稳定、社会地位和成功的象征。莫妮卡的不满反映了她对这个新家的失望，尤其是她感受到的从理想化的生活转向现实的差距。移动房车不仅是一个住的地方，它变成了失败和无奈的象征。
5. 移民的心理影响
移民的心理压力：莫妮卡的批评也可以被视为移民过程中的心理压力的体现。对于很多移民来说，搬迁到一个新的地方不仅仅是地理上的改变，更是心理和情感上的重大挑战。她对移动房车的失望，实际上是她在面对新的文化和生活环境时情感上的反应。移民常常面临身份认同、文化适应等心理挑战，这些挑战在莫妮卡的不满中得到了体现。
结论
莫妮卡在《米纳里》中的反应，反映了跨文化迁移中的多个关键因素，包括期望与现实的差距、性别角色、家庭决策的文化差异、物质标准对文化适应的影响等。她对移动房车的批评体现了文化适应的难度以及移民家庭在新环境中的心理挑战。从跨文化专家的角度来看，莫妮卡的反应提供了关于迁移、文化冲突和家庭成员间关系动态的深刻洞察。移民经历不仅仅是适应新物理空间，更是一个情感和文化重建的过程，涉及个人期望与文化价值的重新整合。
In the film Minari, Monica expresses her dissatisfaction with the mobile home Jacob has chosen, saying it is not what he initially promised and criticizing that living there will only make their situation worse. From a cross-cultural perspective, this cultural phenomenon can be analyzed from several angles:
1. Expectations vs. Reality: The Impact of Miscommunication
Cultural Expectations and Miscommunication: Monica’s reaction can be attributed to the discrepancy between her expectations and the reality of their new home. In cross-cultural contexts, individuals often face the challenge of navigating new environments where expectations may not align with what is actually available. Jacob, perhaps seeing the mobile home as a temporary and pragmatic solution, might have failed to communicate the full scope of the situation to Monica. In contrast, Monica, who likely had different cultural and personal expectations about living conditions, feels betrayed and upset by the disparity.
Cultural Norms on Living Conditions: In some cultures, there is a strong emphasis on maintaining a certain standard of living, and any deviation from that standard—especially when it involves a perceived downgrading of quality of life—can provoke strong reactions. Monica's disappointment reflects her emotional attachment to her previous life and her expectations for their new life. She may have imagined a more comfortable or traditional family home, but the mobile home signifies a drastic shift, one that challenges her sense of stability and security.
2. Gender Roles and Family Decision-Making
Role of Women in Family Decisions: In many cultures, including some immigrant families, the male partner often makes the major decisions regarding relocation or family matters, and the female partner may not be as involved in these decisions. This dynamic can lead to feelings of frustration, as Monica’s reaction demonstrates. Jacob’s unilateral decision to move without adequately discussing the living conditions or seeking Monica’s input may lead to resentment. In some cultures, particularly in more egalitarian societies, the lack of shared decision-making could be seen as problematic, as it undermines the partnership and can lead to feelings of neglect and frustration.
The Emotional Labor of Women: Monica’s criticism also reflects the emotional labor typically placed on women in family settings, especially when it comes to managing home life. Moving to a new and unfamiliar environment is a heavy responsibility, and women often feel the weight of these decisions, both in practical terms (such as setting up a home) and emotionally (as they are often the primary caregivers). Her critique of the situation reflects not only her frustration with the physical move but also the emotional burden she feels in managing the family’s adjustment.
3. Cultural Discomfort and Adaptation
Discomfort with New Cultural Settings: Monica’s reaction highlights the stress and discomfort that can accompany a cultural transition. Moving from a city environment to a rural one, especially in a place like Arkansas, may represent a significant cultural shift. Monica’s criticism is rooted in her discomfort with the new environment—she likely feels isolated, overwhelmed, and disconnected from her old life. This is a common experience for immigrants or individuals who relocate to environments that are vastly different from their original cultural context.
Sense of Loss and Alienation: Monica’s frustration with the mobile home can also be seen as a manifestation of her sense of loss. Moving to a new place without clear support systems or a familiar environment can lead to feelings of alienation, as the emotional and psychological transition takes a toll. The mobile home, which she sees as a symbol of their difficult circumstances, becomes a focal point for her sense of displacement. Her desire for a different kind of life—one that offers stability and comfort—reflects the broader challenge of adapting to a new culture and lifestyle.
4. The Role of Material and Symbolic Status
Materialism and Cultural Expectations: In some cultures, material success is seen as a reflection of social status and personal achievement. Monica’s critique of the mobile home can be interpreted as a response to her perception that their material situation is worsening, which contrasts with her expectations for upward mobility. This issue is particularly important when considering the emotional impact of a perceived decline in status—such as moving to a less desirable home—on someone who values stability, comfort, and progress.
Symbolic Meaning of the Home: In many cultures, a home is more than just a place to live; it is a symbol of success, family, and stability. Monica’s reaction reflects her sense of the home as a tangible representation of their dreams, aspirations, and success. When the home doesn’t meet these expectations, it becomes a symbol of failure rather than success, which exacerbates her feelings of disappointment.
5. Psychological Impact of Migration
Psychological Stress of Migration: Monica’s criticism may also stem from the psychological stress of migration, which is a common experience for immigrants. The emotional strain of relocating, combined with the uncertainty of a new life, can trigger negative emotions. Her frustration with the mobile home can be seen as an outward manifestation of deeper psychological challenges, such as homesickness, anxiety about the future, and fear of failure in a new cultural context.
Conclusion
Monica’s reaction in Minari highlights several critical cultural factors related to migration, adaptation, and gender dynamics. Her frustration with the mobile home reflects cultural differences in living expectations, gender roles in family decision-making, and the emotional challenges of migration. From a cross-cultural expert’s perspective, her reaction provides insight into the complex interplay of personal expectations, cultural values, and the difficulties of transitioning to a new environment. The experience of migration is often not just about adapting to a new physical space, but also about reconciling personal and cultural values in the face of unforeseen challenges.雅各布带妻子莫妮卡和两个孩子到外面的大片的田野。他挖出一截带着黑色的草根给妻子看，并对她说这就是他选择这里的原因，他要把这片肥沃的土地变成一大农场。大卫有心脏病，所以晚上莫妮卡照常给大卫检查心脏，当她听到心脏的杂音变大了，她自己有些不安，却安慰大卫，只要每晚睡前做祈祷，福音就会护佑你好起来。
在电影《米纳里》中，莫妮卡在面对儿子大卫心脏病加重时，尽管自己内心不安，却选择通过安慰的方式平息大卫的担忧，并提到祈祷和福音的护佑。这种行为展现了跨文化情境下个人应对危机、宗教信仰以及家庭支持的多重文化现象。以下是对此现象的跨文化分析：
1. 宗教信仰作为心理支持
宗教在个人和家庭中的作用
莫妮卡提到祈祷和福音，这反映了宗教信仰在许多文化中对个人心理支持的核心作用。宗教不仅是一种信仰系统，也是人们在危机时刻寻找力量和希望的重要途径。在韩国移民家庭中，基督教或其他宗教信仰常常作为缓解压力和增强家庭凝聚力的关键因素。通过祈祷，莫妮卡不仅为大卫带来了心理安慰，也为自己提供了内心的平静和力量。
跨文化的比较
在不同文化中，面对疾病时的应对方式可能有所不同。在西方世俗化社会中，人们可能更多依赖医学手段和心理咨询来应对疾病，而在宗教信仰更强的文化中（如韩国或美国南部的一些地区），祈祷和信仰被认为是不可或缺的补充。这种信仰的表达方式体现了文化背景对疾病处理模式的深刻影响。
2. 母亲角色中的情感劳动
隐藏不安以保护孩子
莫妮卡尽管感到不安，却选择以平静和安慰的方式与大卫沟通。这种行为反映了母亲角色中普遍存在的情感劳动——即为了保护家庭成员的情绪健康，母亲往往会隐藏自己的恐惧或焦虑。她通过强调信仰和希望，将自己的不安转化为对孩子的关怀和支持，这在许多文化中的母亲角色中都有体现。
母爱与文化价值
在韩国和其他东亚文化中，母亲对孩子的无私奉献是一种被高度推崇的价值观。这种文化强调母亲在保护和引导孩子成长中的关键角色，而莫妮卡的行为正是这种价值观的具体体现。
3. 疾病与文化意义
心脏病的隐喻
大卫的心脏病不仅是一个医学问题，也象征着移民家庭在异国他乡面临的脆弱性和不确定性。心脏病的恶化可能暗示家庭在适应新环境过程中所经历的压力和挑战，而莫妮卡的安慰则体现了家庭成员之间如何互相支持以应对这些挑战。
疾病处理的文化差异
在韩国文化中，家庭对疾病的关注往往与家庭成员之间的亲密关系密切相关。每天为大卫检查心脏体现了这种文化中家庭对健康管理的主动性和责任感。在一些西方文化中，这种行为可能更多由专业医疗人员负责，而在韩国或东亚文化中，家庭成员的参与则被视为不可或缺。
4. 祈祷的象征意义
信仰的慰藉与社区认同
莫妮卡提到福音护佑，不仅反映了她的宗教信仰，还可能暗示移民家庭通过宗教寻找社区认同的努力。在陌生的文化环境中，移民家庭常常通过宗教建立联系和支持网络。祈祷不仅是信仰的体现，也是一种文化适应策略，通过强调共同的价值观来减轻文化差异带来的孤独感。
祈祷与控制感
面对不可控的疾病，祈祷提供了一种象征性的控制感，让人们能够以积极的心态面对未知。莫妮卡通过祈祷传递给大卫的不仅是对治愈的希望，也是一种对未来的信心。这种仪式化的行为在全球范围内都具有类似的意义，但具体的表达方式可能因文化而异。
5. 家庭危机中的文化应对模式
移民家庭的韧性
移民家庭常常需要在压力和危机中展现韧性。莫妮卡在面对大卫心脏病恶化时展现出的冷静与坚强，体现了移民家庭在适应过程中形成的心理韧性。她通过安慰孩子和依靠信仰，展现了一种文化化的危机应对模式，即在家庭内部建立支持系统，通过信仰提供心理保障。
隐忍与集体主义的体现
莫妮卡的行为也反映了东亚文化中的隐忍特质。她选择隐藏自己的担忧，以免加重大卫的心理负担，这种以他人为中心的行为与集体主义价值观密切相关。在许多东亚文化中，为了家庭的和谐与稳定，个人情感往往被压抑或隐藏。
结论
莫妮卡在《米纳里》中对大卫心脏病的处理方式，体现了信仰、母爱和文化价值观在移民家庭中的深刻影响。通过隐藏自己的不安和强调祈祷的力量，莫妮卡不仅提供了心理支持，还加强了家庭内部的凝聚力。从跨文化的角度来看，这种行为反映了东亚文化对家庭、健康管理和信仰的重要性，同时也揭示了移民家庭在新环境中应对危机的独特方式。
In the movie Minari, Monica’s approach to dealing with David’s worsening heart condition—despite her own unease—by comforting him and emphasizing the protective power of prayer and the gospel reflects a multi-faceted cultural phenomenon. Below is a cross-cultural analysis of this behavior:
1. Religious Faith as Psychological Support
The Role of Religion in Personal and Family Life
Monica’s reference to prayer and the gospel demonstrates how religious faith serves as a cornerstone of psychological support in many cultures. Religion is not only a system of belief but also a source of strength and hope during crises. In Korean immigrant families, Christianity or other religious faiths often provide a crucial means of coping with stress and fostering family unity. Through prayer, Monica offers David not only emotional comfort but also inner peace and strength for herself.
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Different cultures address crises in diverse ways. In secular Western societies, medical interventions and psychological counseling might be prioritized, whereas in cultures with strong religious traditions, prayer and faith are often seen as indispensable complements. This difference highlights how cultural background profoundly shapes approaches to illness and adversity.
2. Emotional Labor in the Mother’s Role
Hiding Anxiety to Protect a Child
Despite her own concerns, Monica chooses to communicate with David in a calm and reassuring manner. This reflects the emotional labor inherent in the mother’s role—suppressing personal fears or anxieties to safeguard the emotional well-being of her children. By emphasizing faith and hope, Monica transforms her unease into a form of care and support for David, a behavior commonly seen in maternal roles across cultures.
Maternal Love and Cultural Values
In Korean and other East Asian cultures, the ideal of maternal self-sacrifice is highly valued. This cultural norm emphasizes the mother’s critical role in protecting and guiding her children, as exemplified by Monica’s behavior.
3. Cultural Meanings of Illness
The Metaphor of a Heart Condition
David’s heart condition is not only a medical issue but also a metaphor for the vulnerability and uncertainty faced by immigrant families in a new environment. The worsening condition may symbolize the stress and challenges of adapting to unfamiliar circumstances. Monica’s reassurance demonstrates how family members support one another in navigating these challenges.
Cultural Variations in Illness Management
In Korean culture, families often take an active role in addressing health concerns, emphasizing close family relationships. Monica’s nightly heart check for David reflects this proactive and responsible approach to health management. In some Western cultures, such responsibilities might be delegated more to medical professionals, while in Korean or East Asian contexts, family involvement is seen as essential.
4. The Symbolism of Prayer
Comfort in Faith and Community Identity
Monica’s reference to the gospel reflects not only her personal religious belief but also the role of faith in fostering community identity among immigrant families. In an unfamiliar cultural environment, immigrant families often turn to religion for social connection and emotional support. Prayer serves as both a reflection of shared values and a coping mechanism to mitigate feelings of isolation.
Prayer as a Sense of Control
When facing an uncontrollable illness, prayer offers a symbolic sense of control, enabling people to maintain a positive outlook. Monica uses prayer to instill hope in David and faith in their future. Such ritualized behaviors have a universal significance but may vary in form depending on cultural context.
5. Cultural Coping Mechanisms in Family Crises
Resilience in Immigrant Families
Immigrant families often display remarkable resilience during times of stress and crisis. Monica’s calm and steadfast response to David’s worsening heart condition demonstrates the psychological resilience developed by immigrant families. By comforting her child and leaning on her faith, Monica exemplifies a culturally influenced strategy for coping with crises—creating a support system within the family and relying on faith for psychological security.
Restraint and Collectivism
Monica’s actions also reflect the cultural value of restraint. She suppresses her own fears to avoid adding to David’s emotional burden, a behavior aligned with collectivist values. In many East Asian cultures, prioritizing the well-being of others and maintaining family harmony often lead to the suppression or concealment of personal emotions.
Conclusion
Monica’s response to David’s heart condition in Minari reflects the profound influence of faith, maternal love, and cultural values within immigrant families. By hiding her unease and emphasizing the power of prayer, Monica not only provides emotional support but also strengthens the family’s cohesion. From a cross-cultural perspective, this behavior highlights the importance of family, health management, and religious faith in East Asian cultures, while also shedding light on the unique ways immigrant families navigate crises in new cultural environments.第二天早上，雅各布和莫妮卡带着孩子来到当地养殖场。当老板把他们两个给其他劳工介绍时先介绍名字，再介绍姓。老板用“嗨”跟厂工打招呼；韩国人之间用韩语“你好”打招呼。看到工厂焚烧的烟气，大卫好奇地问雅各布那是什么？雅各布回答说：“公鸡味道不好，又不会下蛋，没有什么用，要处理掉，所以我们两要努力变得有用的男人。”这体现着雅各布想要变成对家庭有用的人，以及他的家庭责任感。在坐车回家的路上，莫妮卡提议雅各布搬去镇上韩国人的聚居区，这样可以请个韩国老太太帮忙看孩子，但雅各布不同意她的观点。一天晚上，突然一场狂风暴雨，这时雅各布和莫尼卡大吵起来，两人吵着吵着开始说以往的事，雅各布说：“自己做的一切是为了这个家”，莫妮卡问：“那为什么这么多年我们一直在过苦日子”，雅各布回答：“我是长子我必须照顾我的家人”，这时莫妮卡埋怨雅各布忽视了她的母亲和自己的小家。
在电影《米纳里》中，雅各布和莫妮卡在狂风暴雨中的争吵揭示了家庭关系和文化价值观之间的冲突。这一场景不仅反映了夫妻在压力下的情感矛盾，也体现了文化背景对家庭责任观念的深刻影响。以下从跨文化的角度分析这一现象：
1. 长子责任的文化根源
东亚文化中的长子责任 雅各布提到“我是长子，我必须照顾我的家人”，这一表述反映了许多东亚文化中的传统价值观。在这些文化中，长子通常承担更大的家庭责任，包括支持父母和兄弟姐妹。这种责任感可能根植于儒家伦理，强调孝顺和家庭义务。在移民背景下，这种文化观念可能更加突出，因为移民家庭常面临生存压力，长子被视为家庭的支柱。
文化冲突的隐忧 然而，这种传统观念可能与现代夫妻关系中更平等和互助的期待产生冲突。雅各布将家庭责任聚焦于原生家庭，却忽视了配偶和孩子的需求，导致夫妻间的紧张关系。
2. 莫妮卡的埋怨与个人幸福的追求
移民妻子角色的挑战 莫妮卡质问雅各布为何“这么多年一直在过苦日子”，并指责他忽视了她的母亲和他们的小家庭。这反映了她对个人幸福和小家庭优先权的期待。作为移民妻子，她可能承受了来自经济压力、文化适应和情感孤独的多重负担，却发现自己的需求被边缘化。
跨文化婚姻中的价值观冲突 在许多西方文化中，夫妻关系被视为核心，强调配偶之间的沟通与支持。而在某些东亚家庭观念中，家庭是一个更大的整体，个人利益往往让位于集体利益。这种观念差异在移民家庭中可能被放大，导致夫妻之间的误解和冲突。
3. 移民压力与夫妻冲突的关系
移民生活中的经济压力 狂风暴雨象征着移民生活中不可预测的挑战。夫妻争吵时提到的“苦日子”实际上是移民家庭普遍面对的问题——经济困难、孤立感和文化适应压力。这些外部压力往往放大了夫妻内部的矛盾。
应对压力的文化差异 雅各布选择通过努力工作和承担责任来面对压力，这是传统男性角色的一种表现。而莫妮卡则通过表达情感需求来寻求支持。这种不同的应对方式可能反映了性别角色的文化差异。
4. 代际关系与夫妻关系的平衡
原生家庭与核心家庭的冲突 雅各布对原生家庭的责任感与莫妮卡对核心家庭的关注形成对比。这种冲突在跨文化背景下尤为显著。在移民家庭中，夫妻需要在支持原生家庭和建立核心家庭之间找到平衡，但这种平衡往往因为资源有限而难以实现。
文化价值的再协商 这场争吵实际上是夫妻重新协商文化价值和家庭角色的过程。雅各布需要认识到核心家庭的重要性，而莫妮卡也需要理解雅各布的文化背景和责任感。
5. 移民文化中的个人牺牲与家庭责任
家庭责任的双重压力 移民家庭的夫妻不仅要面对经济和文化适应的压力，还要处理文化价值观的矛盾。雅各布的“为家人牺牲”理念可能是一种无声的压力，要求莫妮卡也做出类似的牺牲，但她的抱怨表明，这种牺牲并未带来预期的家庭和谐。
自我认同与家庭和谐 移民家庭中的夫妻往往需要重新定义家庭角色和文化认同，以实现双方的平衡与共鸣。这种调整需要时间，也需要彼此的理解和支持。
结论
《米纳里》中雅各布与莫妮卡的争吵深刻反映了移民家庭中传统文化价值观与现代婚姻期待之间的冲突。作为跨文化专家，可以看出，这种矛盾不仅来源于个体之间的情感问题，更深层次上与文化背景和移民压力密切相关。通过开放的沟通和对彼此文化价值的尊重，移民家庭可以找到平衡点，建立更和谐的家庭关系。
In the film Minari, the heated argument between Jacob and Monica during a storm reveals the tension between family dynamics and cultural values. This scene not only reflects the emotional conflicts between the couple under pressure but also highlights the profound influence of cultural backgrounds on perceptions of family responsibilities. Below is an analysis of this phenomenon from the perspective of a cross-cultural communication:
1. The Cultural Roots of Eldest Son Responsibility
Eldest Son Responsibility in East Asian Culture
Jacob’s statement, “I’m the eldest son; I must take care of my family,” reflects the traditional values in many East Asian cultures. In these cultures, the eldest son is often burdened with greater family responsibilities, including supporting parents and siblings. This sense of duty is rooted in Confucian ethics, which emphasize filial piety and familial obligations. For immigrant families, this value may become even more pronounced under the pressure of survival.
The Hidden Cultural Conflict
However, this traditional view may clash with modern expectations of marital equality and mutual support in relationships. Jacob’s focus on his family of origin while neglecting his wife and children highlights a potential source of tension.
2. Monica’s Resentment and Pursuit of Personal Happiness
The Challenges Faced by Immigrant Wives
Monica’s question, “Why have we been living a hard life for so many years?” and her reproach about Jacob ignoring her mother and their nuclear family reflect her expectations for personal happiness and prioritizing the immediate family. As an immigrant wife, she likely endures multiple stresses, including economic pressure, cultural adjustment, and emotional isolation, but feels her needs have been sidelined.
Value Clashes in Cross-Cultural Marriages
In many Western cultures, spousal relationships are viewed as central, with an emphasis on communication and mutual support. In contrast, some East Asian family values focus on the family as a broader unit, where individual interests often yield to collective responsibilities. These differing values are often amplified in immigrant families, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts between spouses.
3. The Connection Between Immigrant Pressure and Marital Conflict
Economic Pressures in Immigrant Life
The storm symbolizes the unpredictable challenges of immigrant life. The couple’s argument about their “hard life” is a common issue for immigrant families, who often face financial difficulties, feelings of isolation, and cultural adaptation stress. These external pressures exacerbate internal marital tensions.
Cultural Differences in Coping Mechanisms
Jacob copes by working hard and taking on responsibilities, a traditional male role, while Monica seeks emotional validation and support through communication. These differing coping strategies reflect cultural gender roles and can create friction in the marriage.
4. Balancing Generational and Marital Relationships
Conflict Between Family of Origin and Nuclear Family
Jacob’s loyalty to his family of origin contrasts with Monica’s focus on their nuclear family. This conflict is particularly pronounced in cross-cultural settings, where couples must navigate competing priorities. Balancing support for the family of origin with the needs of the nuclear family is a challenge, especially in resource-limited immigrant contexts.
Renegotiating Cultural Values
The argument serves as a renegotiation of cultural values and family roles. Jacob must recognize the importance of his nuclear family, while Monica must understand Jacob’s cultural background and sense of responsibility.
5. Personal Sacrifice and Family Responsibility in Immigrant Culture
Dual Burdens of Family Responsibility
Immigrant couples often face economic and cultural adaptation pressures while also dealing with conflicting cultural values. Jacob’s belief in personal sacrifice for the family may impose an unspoken expectation for Monica to make similar sacrifices. Monica’s frustration, however, signals that such sacrifices have not led to the expected harmony in their family life.
Self-Identity and Family Harmony
Immigrant families must redefine family roles and cultural identities to achieve balance and mutual understanding. This adjustment requires time, open communication, and mutual respect.
Conclusion
The argument between Jacob and Monica in Minari reflects the deeper conflict between traditional cultural values and modern marital expectations within immigrant families. From a cross-cultural perspective, this tension stems not only from individual emotional issues but also from cultural backgrounds and the pressures of immigrant life. By fostering open communication and respecting each other’s cultural values, immigrant families can find a balance and build more harmonious relationships.
当雅各布和莫妮卡开始争吵，两个孩子赶紧回屋折纸飞机，纸飞机上写着“不要吵架"，但是纸飞机无济于事，两人还是继续争吵。这说明雅各布和莫尼卡认为孩子是自己的一部分，他们不用考虑孩子的感受。雅阁布的家庭成员之间的关系是紧密的。
在电影《米纳里》中，当Jacob和Monica开始争吵时，孩子们用折纸飞机写下“不要吵架”来试图缓和父母之间的冲突。然而，这个行为并未能阻止争吵。通过这一情节，我们可以从跨文化的角度分析以下几点，来探讨家长与孩子之间的关系，以及家庭文化背景对亲子关系的影响：
1. 家庭中心性与父母的角色
东亚文化中的家庭凝聚力
Jacob和Monica的行为反映了许多东亚文化背景中的家庭中心性。家庭通常被视为一个整体，父母和孩子之间的边界较为模糊。父母可能认为孩子是家庭的一部分，无需为自己的行为向孩子解释或顾及他们的感受，这种观念与集体主义文化中的亲密家庭关系密切相关。
父母的情绪优先于孩子的感受
在一些传统文化中，父母被视为权威和主导者，其需求和情绪往往被置于家庭事务的核心地位。Jacob和Monica继续争吵的行为，表明他们可能未意识到孩子情绪的独立性，或者未将孩子的感受视为必须考虑的优先事项。
2. 移民家庭的文化冲突与压力
移民家庭中的双重文化挑战
作为移民家庭，Jacob和Monica不仅需要适应美国社会的个体主义文化，还必须应对家庭内部的传统文化期待与现代育儿观念之间的冲突。移民生活的经济压力、文化适应问题以及夫妻间的矛盾可能让父母难以关注孩子的情绪需求。
孩子的无声表达与沟通缺失
孩子用纸飞机传递信息，说明他们缺乏直接表达需求的机会或信心。这种“无声表达”在一些传统家庭中较为常见，孩子习惯通过间接方式向父母传递自己的情绪，而父母可能忽视这种间接沟通的意义。
3. 父母冲突对孩子的心理影响
争吵对孩子心理安全感的破坏
孩子们在争吵中感到无力，只能用折纸飞机的方式试图平息矛盾。这种经历可能让他们产生焦虑感，甚至认为父母的冲突是自己的责任。尤其在移民家庭中，孩子往往需要在家庭文化和社会文化之间充当“调解人”，这加重了他们的心理负担。
跨文化中的亲子关系对比
在个体主义文化中，家长通常更注重培养孩子的情感独立性，倾向于尊重和回应孩子的需求。而在集体主义文化中，家长更倾向于将孩子视为家庭的一部分，而非完全独立的个体。这种观念差异可能让移民家庭更容易忽略孩子在冲突中的感受。
4. 亲密家庭关系与无意识的忽视
紧密但层级分明的家庭关系
Jacob的家庭关系虽然紧密，但存在明显的“父母为主导，孩子为从属”的层级模式。这种模式在很多以集体主义为主的文化中较为常见，家庭的主要决策权集中在父母身上，孩子的意见或感受常被视为次要。
无意识忽视中的爱与期待
父母对孩子感情的忽视往往不是出于恶意，而是无意识地延续了他们自身成长环境中固有的家庭模式。这也说明了Jacob和Monica对家庭的重视和爱，但未必懂得如何通过更平等的方式与孩子沟通。
5. 改善亲子沟通的跨文化启示
移民家庭需要的沟通调整
Jacob和Monica需要意识到亲子关系中的文化冲突和代际差异。他们可以学习通过开放的沟通方式与孩子建立更紧密的情感连接，尤其是在处理家庭冲突时，主动关注孩子的情绪需求。
文化间的平衡与融合
在移民家庭中，平衡传统文化和新文化的价值观至关重要。既要保持家庭的凝聚力，也要尊重孩子的个体性，通过共情与理解帮助孩子在家庭和社会中找到归属感。
结论
在《米纳里》中，Jacob和Monica在争吵时未考虑孩子的感受，反映了集体主义文化中父母主导的家庭结构，以及移民家庭在文化融合中的挑战。通过调整沟通方式，关注孩子的情感需求，家庭成员可以在传统与现代观念中找到平衡，构建更加和谐的亲子关系。这为跨文化家庭提供了有价值的参考。
In the movie Minari, when Jacob and Monica start arguing, their children quickly return to their room and fold paper airplanes, writing "Stop fighting" on them in an attempt to diffuse the conflict. However, the paper airplanes prove ineffective, and the couple continues their argument. This scene reflects how Jacob and Monica perceive their children as an extension of themselves, rather than considering their feelings independently. It also highlights the close-knit relationships within Jacob's family. From a cross-cultural expert's perspective, the following points provide insight into this cultural phenomenon:
1. Family Centrality and Parental Roles
Family Cohesion in East Asian Cultures
Jacob and Monica’s actions reflect the centrality of the family in many East Asian cultural contexts. The family is often seen as an integrated unit, and the boundaries between parents and children tend to be blurred. Parents may view children as an inseparable part of the family, making it unnecessary to consider their emotions explicitly. This perspective aligns with collectivist cultures, where familial closeness is highly valued.
Prioritization of Parental Emotions
In traditional cultures, parents are often regarded as the authority figures whose needs and emotions are prioritized within the family. Jacob and Monica's continued argument suggests they may not be fully aware of their children’s emotional independence or do not see addressing the children’s feelings as an immediate concern.
2. Cultural Conflicts and Pressures in Immigrant Families
Dual Cultural Challenges in Immigrant Families
As an immigrant family, Jacob and Monica must navigate the challenges of adapting to the individualistic culture of the United States while maintaining traditional values from their heritage. The financial pressures of immigrant life, cultural adjustment, and marital conflict can make it harder for parents to focus on their children’s emotional needs.
Children’s Silent Expressions and Communication Gaps
The children’s attempt to use paper airplanes to communicate demonstrates their lack of opportunities or confidence to express their needs directly. This “silent expression” is common in traditional families where indirect communication is often the norm. Parents may overlook such subtle cues, further widening the communication gap.
3. The Psychological Impact of Parental Conflict on Children
Disruption of Emotional Security
The children’s inability to intervene effectively and their resort to indirect gestures, such as the paper airplanes, reflect their sense of helplessness. Witnessing ongoing parental conflict can induce anxiety in children, who may even blame themselves for the discord. In immigrant families, children often find themselves acting as mediators between family and external society, adding to their psychological burden.
Contrasting Parent-Child Relationships Across Cultures
In individualistic cultures, parents often emphasize nurturing children’s emotional independence and tend to respect and respond to their needs. In collectivist cultures, parents are more likely to view children as an integral part of the family rather than as independent individuals. This cultural difference may make immigrant families less attuned to children’s feelings during moments of family stress.
4. Close but Hierarchical Family Dynamics
Close-Knit but Hierarchical Relationships
Jacob’s family is characterized by a strong sense of closeness, but there is a clear hierarchy where parents are dominant and children are subordinate. This hierarchical structure is common in collectivist cultures, where decision-making power resides with the parents, and children’s opinions or feelings are often considered secondary.
Unintentional Neglect in the Context of Love
Parents’ neglect of their children’s emotions often stems not from a lack of care but from an unconscious perpetuation of family patterns they experienced in their upbringing. This reflects Jacob and Monica’s love and commitment to their family, though they may not yet have learned how to engage with their children in a more equitable manner.
5. Cross-Cultural Lessons for Improving Parent-Child Communication
Adjustments in Communication for Immigrant Families
Jacob and Monica need to acknowledge the cultural conflicts and generational differences that shape their parent-child relationship. Learning to adopt open communication styles and actively addressing their children’s emotional needs can help strengthen the family bond, especially during moments of conflict.
Balancing Tradition and Modern Values
In immigrant families, balancing traditional cultural expectations with the values of their new environment is essential. By preserving family cohesion while respecting children’s individuality, parents can foster a sense of belonging both within the family and in the broader social context.
Conclusion
In Minari, Jacob and Monica’s decision to continue their argument despite their children’s attempts to intervene reflects the parent-dominated family structure typical of collectivist cultures. This scene highlights the challenges immigrant families face in balancing traditional family dynamics with new cultural norms. By adopting more open and empathetic communication styles, families can better address the emotional needs of all members, providing valuable lessons for cross-cultural families navigating similar situations.
雅各布请一位用分叉的树枝做占卜棒找水源的人来帮他找农场用水。找一个水源250美金，两个三百美金，雅各布不信这一套，不想花冤钱。为了节省高达300美元的预算成本，雅各布选择亲自挖井，并对大卫说：“能免费的东西就不用花钱”。雅各布雇了个叫保罗的工人，保罗是个虔诚的基督徒。他和雅各布第一次见面时问了雅各布：“我能祈祷吗？”，雅各布却说：“什么?”。然后，保罗开始祈祷，但是雅各布却表现出一种不信的习俗，他觉得保罗有点可笑。
在电影《米纳里》中，Jacob 雇佣了虔诚的基督徒 Paul，二人初次见面时便展现了信仰和文化的差异。Paul 提出要祈祷，Jacob 对此显得不解甚至略带轻视。这一情节反映了不同文化背景下对宗教和信仰的态度差异，以及跨文化交流中可能出现的误解。以下从跨文化专家的视角分析此现象：
1. 宗教信仰在个人和社会中的作用
美国文化中宗教的个人化与普遍性
在美国，宗教信仰是许多人生活的重要组成部分，尤其是在保守地区，公开的宗教表达（如祈祷）是一种常见且被广泛接受的行为。Paul 的行为不仅体现了他对宗教的虔诚，也反映了美国乡村文化中宗教信仰的社会普遍性。
移民背景中的宗教观念
Jacob 的反应可能源于他对宗教不同的理解。在韩国，尽管基督教在一定程度上普及，但宗教信仰并非所有人日常生活中的核心，也很少在工作场合公开表达。因此，Jacob 对 Paul 的祈祷表现出困惑，甚至将其视为不合时宜的行为。
2. 跨文化交流中的误解与尊重
文化冲突的显现
Jacob 的不解与 Paul 的虔诚祈祷构成了一种典型的跨文化冲突。这种冲突并非基于敌意，而是由于二人对宗教行为在公共场合中应有角色的不同期待。
个人与文化背景的交叠
Paul 将祈祷视为一种表达善意和寻求祝福的方式，而 Jacob 则可能认为这与工作无关，是一种干扰。这种矛盾源于二人在宗教行为私密性和公共性的界定上的不同。
3. 宗教表达与移民家庭的适应性挑战
移民对东道国文化的适应
Jacob 是一个韩国移民，他努力在美国实现自己的梦想。在此过程中，他可能更关注实用性和结果，而非形式化的宗教表达。Paul 的行为在 Jacob 看来可能与务实的工作目标无关，从而显得不合逻辑甚至可笑。
传统文化的潜在影响
Jacob 的态度也可能反映了韩国传统文化中对工作场合更为严肃的态度。在许多亚洲文化中，工作和信仰通常被严格分离，而 Paul 的公开祈祷显然超出了 Jacob 的文化预期。
4. 跨文化学习的机会
宗教在多元文化环境中的适应
Paul 的祈祷行为为 Jacob 提供了一个了解美国乡村文化和宗教的重要窗口。尽管初次见面时 Jacob 对此表现出不以为然，但这也是一次潜在的跨文化学习机会。
移民文化与本地文化的融合
Jacob 的反应并非拒绝，而是一种文化适应的初始阶段。在多元文化环境中，双方都需要通过沟通和理解来找到共同点，从而减少文化冲突。
5. 个人信仰与职业关系的跨文化对比
美国文化中的宗教与职业交集
在美国乡村社会，宗教行为常被认为是表达个人诚信和可靠性的方式。Paul 的祈祷不仅是信仰的表达，也可能被他视为建立信任的手段。
东亚文化中宗教与职业的分离
相较而言，东亚文化更倾向于将宗教信仰与职业分开。Jacob 的反应反映了这种分离的文化价值观，使他对 Paul 的行为感到意外甚至有些荒唐。
6. 跨文化视角下的尊重与包容
理解宗教在不同文化中的角色
对 Jacob 而言，理解 Paul 的宗教行为是尊重东道国文化的一部分。而对 Paul 而言，他也需要认识到 Jacob 的文化背景和移民身份可能让他对祈祷行为感到不适。
寻找共通点
虽然二人在信仰上存在分歧，但通过交流和合作，他们可以在共同目标上找到共通点。这种文化间的融合是跨文化交流的重要成果。
结论
通过 Paul 和 Jacob 的互动，电影《米纳里》呈现了移民家庭在新环境中面临的文化冲突。Paul 的公开祈祷和 Jacob 的质疑反映了宗教行为在不同文化中的定位差异。从跨文化专家的视角来看，这种现象强调了理解、尊重和沟通在跨文化交流中的重要性。只有通过不断的学习和适应，移民家庭才能在多元文化环境中找到自己的位置，同时与本地文化实现共生。
In the movie Minari, Jacob hires Paul, a devout Christian, and their first interaction highlights cultural and religious differences. When Paul asks if he can pray, Jacob appears confused and even dismissive, finding Paul’s behavior somewhat amusing. This scene reflects the divergence in attitudes toward religion between different cultural backgrounds and the potential for misunderstandings in cross-cultural interactions. Below is an analysis of this phenomenon from a cross-cultural expert's perspective:
1. The Role of Religious Beliefs in Personal and Social Life
Individualization and Universality of Religion in American Culture
In the United States, religion is an integral part of many people’s lives, particularly in conservative regions. Public expressions of faith, such as praying, are common and widely accepted. Paul’s prayer reflects both his devout faith and the social prevalence of religion in rural American culture.
Religious Perspectives in Immigrant Contexts
Jacob’s reaction may stem from a different understanding of religion. In Korea, while Christianity has a presence, religious practices are not always central to daily life, and public displays of faith are less common in professional settings. Thus, Jacob finds Paul’s prayer puzzling and possibly out of place.
2. Misunderstandings and Respect in Cross-Cultural Interactions
Manifestation of Cultural Conflict
The contrast between Jacob’s confusion and Paul’s enthusiastic prayer is a classic example of cultural conflict. This clash is not born of hostility but from differing expectations of the role religion plays in public and professional settings.
Intersection of Personal and Cultural Backgrounds
For Paul, prayer is a means of showing goodwill and seeking blessings, while Jacob may view it as irrelevant to their work goals. This misunderstanding highlights their differing perspectives on the appropriateness of religious actions in a work environment.
3. Challenges of Adaptation for Immigrant Families
Adapting to Local Culture
As a Korean immigrant striving to establish himself in America, Jacob prioritizes practicality and results over formal religious expression. Paul’s prayer might seem impractical and illogical to Jacob in the context of their work.
Influence of Traditional Values
Jacob’s attitude could also reflect Korean cultural norms, which often emphasize a more serious approach to professional interactions, keeping personal beliefs, including religion, separate from work.
4. Opportunities for Cross-Cultural Learning
Religion as a Window into Local Culture
Paul’s prayer offers Jacob a glimpse into the rural American culture where religion plays a significant role. While Jacob initially appears dismissive, this interaction presents an opportunity for cultural learning.
Integration of Immigrant and Local Cultures
Jacob’s reaction represents an initial stage of cultural adaptation. In a multicultural environment, both sides must communicate and seek understanding to bridge cultural gaps and reduce conflict.
5. Contrasts in Religious and Professional Dynamics Across Cultures
Interplay Between Religion and Work in American Culture
In rural American communities, religious practices often serve as markers of personal integrity and trustworthiness. Paul’s prayer reflects not only his faith but also his effort to build trust with Jacob.
Separation of Religion and Work in East Asian Culture
In contrast, East Asian cultures typically maintain a clearer distinction between religion and professional life. Jacob’s reaction underscores this cultural norm, leading him to perceive Paul’s behavior as surprising or even amusing.
6. Respect and Inclusion from a Cross-Cultural Perspective
Understanding Religion’s Role in Different Cultures
For Jacob, understanding Paul’s religious behavior is part of respecting the host culture. Conversely, Paul needs to recognize that Jacob’s immigrant background might make him uncomfortable with overt religious expressions.
Finding Common Ground
Despite their differences, Jacob and Paul can find common ground through communication and collaboration. This mutual understanding is key to resolving cultural conflicts and fostering a productive relationship.
Conclusion
Through the interaction between Paul and Jacob, Minari portrays the cultural conflicts faced by immigrant families in a new environment. Paul’s public prayer and Jacob’s skepticism highlight the differences in how religious behavior is perceived across cultures. From a cross-cultural expert’s perspective, this scene underscores the importance of understanding, respect, and communication in navigating cultural differences. Through learning and adaptation, immigrant families can find their place in a multicultural society while achieving coexistence with the local culture.雅各布买拖拉机之前没有跟莫尼卡商量，当莫尼卡问花了多少钱的时候，只回答说别担心，这是投资，但没有告诉她价格。
在电影《米纳里》中，Jacob购买拖拉机却未与妻子Monica商量，这种行为突显了夫妻间的决策方式和文化差异。以下从跨文化的视角分析这一现象：
1. 家庭决策权的分配差异
传统性别角色在家庭中的影响
Jacob的行为可能源于传统观念中，男性被视为家庭的主要决策者和经济支柱。在这种模式下，丈夫往往认为自己有权在重大事务上做出决定，而无需与妻子详加讨论。这种性别角色的分工在韩国以及部分移民家庭中可能仍具有一定影响力。
夫妻之间的沟通期待不同
对Monica而言，家庭事务应该以协商为基础，她的反应表明她希望被视为家庭中的平等决策者。然而，Jacob的单方面决定表明他可能未充分认识到Monica对沟通和透明度的需求，这也反映了他们在文化价值观上的微妙差异。
2. 风险与投资心态的文化视角
移民文化中的风险承受能力
Jacob将购买拖拉机视为“投资”，反映了他对改善家庭经济状况的强烈信念。许多移民在新环境中倾向于更主动地承担风险，以追求更高的经济回报。这种心态可能导致他们更愿意做出独断的决定，而非事事寻求家庭共识。
资源分配与文化背景
韩国文化中，家庭通常被视为一个紧密的经济单位，资源分配往往以家庭整体利益为优先。Jacob可能认为，他的决定最终会为家庭带来长远收益，因此忽略了Monica对具体开销的担忧。
3. 夫妻关系中的权力动态
夫妻角色的文化影响
Jacob在经济事务上的主导地位与传统的“男性主外”观念相关。他可能认为，自己作为一家之主，有责任为家庭制定计划，而不需要过多地与Monica解释细节。
现代家庭观念的冲突
Monica的反应反映了她对平等夫妻关系的期待。在现代观念中，许多女性希望在家庭决策中拥有更多发言权，并希望丈夫在重大决定前能充分沟通和尊重她的意见。
4. 移民家庭中的文化冲突与适应
文化习惯的延续与调整
移民家庭通常面临如何平衡原生文化与新文化的挑战。Jacob可能仍沿用韩国传统的家庭决策方式，而Monica则可能受到美国平等文化的影响，更倾向于夫妻间的透明和对话。
移民环境中的经济压力
Jacob的行为还可能反映了移民家庭面临的经济压力和现实困境。他将拖拉机视为解决家庭问题的关键，但由于压力过大，他忽略了与Monica的情感沟通。
5. 跨文化关系中的沟通与妥协
从独断到协商的转变
Jacob需要认识到，在跨文化关系中，透明的沟通是家庭和谐的关键。通过更多地分享他的想法和计划，他可以减少Monica的不安，并赢得她的支持。
夫妻间的文化互补性
Monica则需要理解Jacob的经济压力和文化背景。通过耐心的沟通和相互体谅，夫妻可以在传统与现代价值观之间找到平衡。
结论
Jacob未与Monica商量便购买拖拉机的行为，反映了传统性别角色、移民家庭压力以及文化适应过程中的矛盾。从跨文化专家的角度来看，这种现象强调了沟通的重要性，以及在多元文化背景下夫妻如何通过理解和协作共同面对挑战。在移民家庭中，既要尊重传统价值观，也要接受现代观念，以实现文化融合和家庭和谐。
In the film Minari, Jacob purchases a tractor without consulting his wife Monica. This action highlights the dynamics of decision-making in marriage and cultural differences. Below is an analysis of this phenomenon from the perspective of cross-cultural communication:
1. Differences in Family Decision-Making
Impact of Traditional Gender Roles in Families
Jacob's behavior may stem from traditional beliefs that regard men as the primary decision-makers and financial providers in a family. Under this framework, husbands often feel entitled to make significant decisions without involving their wives in detailed discussions. This division of roles may still hold sway in Korean and some immigrant families.
Different Communication Expectations Between Spouses
For Monica, family matters should be approached collaboratively. Her reaction demonstrates her desire to be seen as an equal decision-maker in the household. However, Jacob’s unilateral decision reflects a possible lack of awareness of Monica’s need for communication and transparency, revealing subtle cultural value differences.
2. Cultural Perspectives on Risk and Investment
Risk-Taking Mindset Among Immigrants
Jacob sees the tractor purchase as an "investment," reflecting his strong determination to improve the family’s economic situation. Many immigrants tend to take bold risks in their pursuit of better opportunities, which may lead to making independent decisions rather than striving for family consensus.
Resource Allocation and Cultural Background
In Korean culture, the family is often viewed as a tightly-knit economic unit, with resource allocation primarily focused on the overall benefit of the family. Jacob may believe his decision will ultimately bring long-term benefits to the family, downplaying Monica’s immediate concerns about the expense.
3. Power Dynamics in Marital Relationships
Cultural Influence on Spousal Roles
Jacob’s dominant role in financial matters aligns with the traditional notion of men as the “external breadwinners.” He likely feels a responsibility to make plans for the family without needing to justify the specifics to Monica.
Conflict with Modern Family Expectations
Monica’s reaction reflects her expectations for a more egalitarian marital relationship. In modern frameworks, many women expect equal participation in family decisions and desire more communication and respect from their partners.
4. Cultural Conflict and Adaptation in Immigrant Families
Balancing Traditional and New Cultural Norms
Immigrant families often struggle to balance the values of their native culture with those of the host country. Jacob may be adhering to traditional Korean decision-making practices, while Monica, influenced by American culture, may prioritize transparency and open dialogue between spouses.
Economic Pressure in Immigrant Contexts
Jacob’s behavior may also reflect the economic pressures and challenges faced by immigrant families. He sees the tractor as a critical tool to resolve the family’s financial difficulties but, overwhelmed by these pressures, overlooks the need for emotional communication with Monica.
5. Communication and Compromise in Cross-Cultural Relationships
Shifting from Autonomy to Collaboration
Jacob needs to recognize that in cross-cultural relationships, transparent communication is vital to family harmony. By sharing his ideas and plans more openly, he can alleviate Monica’s anxiety and gain her support.
Cultural Complementarity Between Spouses
Monica, on the other hand, should consider Jacob’s economic pressures and cultural background. Through patient communication and mutual understanding, they can bridge the gap between traditional and modern values.
Conclusion
Jacob’s decision to buy a tractor without consulting Monica highlights traditional gender roles, immigrant family pressures, and the challenges of cultural adaptation. From a cross-cultural expert’s perspective, this scenario underscores the importance of communication and how spouses in multicultural contexts can navigate differences through understanding and collaboration. For immigrant families, it is crucial to respect traditional values while embracing modern perspectives to achieve cultural integration and familial harmony.
第一次见到姥姥时，大卫躲在妈妈后面，并对她说：“姥姥不像姥姥。”莫妮卡向母亲说抱歉，让她看到自己苦难的生活
在《米纳里》中，莫妮卡向母亲道歉，因为让她看到了自己艰难的生活。这一举动可以从文化角度进行解释，反映了家庭关系、文化期待和个人挣扎之间的深层互动。我们将从韩国文化规范、家庭关系和移民经验的角度进行分析。
1. 韩国文化中的道歉
孝道的核心价值
在韩国文化中，孝道是核心的文化价值，深深植根于儒家思想中。孝道强调尊重、敬爱和对父母的责任。莫妮卡的道歉反映了文化上对子女应该保护父母免受忧虑或痛苦的期待。她认为，父母不应看到子女的困境，尤其是自己的生活艰难，这对她来说是一种情感负担。莫妮卡因此感到有责任向母亲道歉，因为她展示了家庭生活的艰难现实，尽管她自己正处于困境中。
情感克制与自尊
韩国文化中往往强调情感克制，特别是在家庭事务上。父母，尤其是母亲，通常被视为坚强的形象。莫妮卡的道歉反映了她内心的矛盾——她想要保护母亲免受痛苦，但同时她也必须面对自己的困境。道歉凸显了她在孝道和自我情感需求之间的挣扎。
2. 移民经历与内疚感
移民旅程中的负担
莫妮卡的道歉也可以从移民的角度来解读。移民常常感到内疚，当他们的新生活没有达到家人期待时，尤其是当他们离开故乡，来到一个不确定的环境。莫妮卡的道歉表现了她未能为家庭提供理想生活的内疚感，这种内疚感在很多移民中都很常见，尤其是他们很可能会觉得自己没有达到家庭在故乡时设想的成功标准。
代际差异与期望冲突
在移民家庭中，往往会出现上一代对成功的期待与下一代现实之间的冲突。莫妮卡可能觉得母亲对他们在美国的生活抱有较高的期望，而她却未能成功。这种道歉反映了她未能达到家人理想生活的内疚感。
3. 母女关系的文化背景
母女关系在韩国文化中的重要性
韩国文化中的母女关系通常是深厚的情感纽带，母亲不仅是家庭的照顾者，还是智慧与指导的象征。莫妮卡向母亲道歉，意味着她不仅向母亲倾诉了困境，还表示对母亲在家庭中的重要角色的尊重。道歉反映了莫妮卡对母亲的尊重和爱，同时也表达了她想要保护母亲免受家庭困境影响的愿望。
文化上对母亲坚强形象的期待
在韩国文化中，常常期待母亲在家庭中充当坚强的角色，而孩子们也不应轻易让母亲为自己的困难而担忧。莫妮卡的道歉或许反映了她认为，展示自己生活的困难可能会让母亲感到无助或脆弱。向母亲道歉的举动，强调了莫妮卡希望保护母亲免受情感困扰的责任感。
4. 内疚、羞耻感与家庭责任
羞耻感与责任感
在许多亚洲文化中，羞耻感在个人行为中占有重要地位，尤其是在家庭关系中。莫妮卡为展示自己的困境向母亲道歉，可以与她未能达到家族期望的羞耻感联系起来。她可能觉得，向母亲展示困难意味着暴露了自己未能实现家庭理想生活的不足，这种负担给她带来了羞耻感。
作为女儿的责任感
作为女儿，莫妮卡感到不仅对自己的家庭负责，还要照顾到母亲的感受，尤其是母亲为家庭所做的牺牲。这种道歉不仅仅是表达遗憾，它也与莫妮卡内心的责任感密切相关，体现了她不想让母亲为她的生活困境感到担忧。
5. 个人身份与文化期望的平衡
在文化责任与个人困境之间挣扎
莫妮卡的道歉也反映了她在个人痛苦与文化责任之间的内心挣扎。她既是母亲，也必须承担自己家庭的困境，同时她又是女儿，感到有责任保护母亲免受困扰。这种内心的矛盾是移民经历中的常见主题，移民常常感受到文化责任与个人需求之间的冲突。
适应新文化规范的挑战
莫妮卡的道歉或许也反映了她在韩国传统文化价值观与美国社会更为个体主义、开放表达的文化规范之间的拉锯。在美国，表达脆弱和困境可能更为被接受，但莫妮卡深深植根于韩国文化中，认为她必须保护母亲免受情感负担。
结论
莫妮卡在《米纳里》中的道歉，是一种深具文化意义的举动，反映了移民生活的复杂性、韩国文化中孝道的重要性，以及在文化期待与个人困境之间的情感纠葛。这种道歉不仅表达了莫妮卡对母亲的尊敬和爱，也展示了她希望减轻母亲的痛苦和担忧的责任感。道歉体现了移民家庭中深藏的文化压力，反映了文化规范、内疚感和家庭责任如何影响个人关系和情感表达。
In Minari, Monica apologizes to her mother for showing her the hardships of her life. This moment can be interpreted as a culturally significant action, revealing a deep interplay of family dynamics, cultural expectations, and personal struggles. We would analyze this behavior through the lens of Korean cultural norms, familial relationships, and immigrant experience.
1. Cultural Context of Apologizing in Korean Culture
Confucian Values of Filial Piety
In Korean culture, filial piety is a central value, deeply rooted in Confucian teachings. This concept emphasizes respect, reverence, and duty toward one’s parents. Monica’s apology reflects the cultural expectation that children should shield their parents from worry or hardship. The idea of causing one's parents distress, especially when it involves showing them the difficulties of one’s life, is considered an emotional burden. Monica feels compelled to apologize because she perceives that her mother should not have to bear the sight of her struggles, even though she is herself enduring hardship.
Emotional Restraint and Pride
Koreans often uphold a cultural norm of emotional restraint, particularly in relation to family matters. Parents, especially mothers, are expected to be respected figures of strength. Monica’s apology reveals her inner conflict—she wants to protect her mother from the painful reality of their immigrant life, but at the same time, she must also face her own challenges. The apology highlights her struggle with balancing filial piety with her own emotional needs.
2. Immigrant Experience and Guilt
The Burden of the Immigrant Journey
Monica's apology can also be viewed through the lens of the immigrant experience. Immigrants often feel a sense of guilt when their new life does not live up to their family's expectations, especially if they have left behind a more comfortable life in their home country. Monica’s apology represents the feeling of failure to provide the life she envisioned for her family, reflecting the internalized pressure many immigrants feel to succeed and to meet the expectations of their parents.
Generational Differences and Expectations
In immigrant families, there is often a clash between the older generation’s expectations of success and the younger generation’s reality. Monica may feel that her mother, who perhaps had higher expectations for their life in America, would be disappointed or worried about their struggles. Her apology reflects this sense of not living up to the vision of success that was perhaps more idealized by their family back home.
3. The Role of the Mother-Daughter Relationship
Mother-Daughter Bonds in Korean Culture
The mother-daughter relationship in Korean culture is often one of deep emotional connection, where mothers are not only caretakers but also figures of wisdom and guidance. Monica’s apology to her mother signifies not only the act of sharing her troubles but also an acknowledgment of her mother’s role in their family dynamic. In this context, the apology reflects Monica’s respect and love for her mother, as well as her desire to protect her from the harsh realities of their life.
Cultural Expectations of Maternal Strength
Korean culture often expects mothers to remain strong and resilient for the family, and it is common for children to avoid burdening their mothers with their own difficulties. Monica’s apology may reflect her belief that showing her mother her struggles could make her mother feel helpless or less capable. The act of apologizing for revealing her hardships underscores the pressure that Monica feels to shield her mother from emotional distress.
4. Guilt, Shame, and Family Responsibility
Shame and the Sense of Duty
In many Asian cultures, shame plays a significant role in personal behavior, particularly within the family unit. Monica’s apology for showing her hardships can be linked to the sense of shame she feels for not living up to the idealized version of family life that is often expected in Korean families. She may feel that by revealing her difficulties, she is also revealing her inability to meet those expectations, which brings shame to her and her family.
The Responsibility of the Daughter
Monica, as a daughter, feels a strong responsibility not just to her immediate family but also to her mother, who may have sacrificed a lot for her children’s well-being. The apology highlights the cultural pressure on daughters in Korean culture to act as caretakers for their parents, even emotionally. Monica’s act of apologizing is not just a simple expression of regret; it’s tied to her sense of duty and her desire to alleviate her mother’s worry.
5. Navigating Personal Identity and Cultural Expectations
Balancing Personal Struggles with Cultural Obligations
Monica’s apology also reflects her internal struggle between her personal pain and her cultural obligations. On one hand, she is a mother herself and must manage her own family’s difficulties. On the other hand, she is a daughter and feels obligated to preserve the emotional well-being of her mother. This tension is a hallmark of immigrant experiences, where the need to preserve familial bonds and meet cultural expectations can sometimes overshadow personal needs.
Adaptation to New Cultural Norms
The apology may also reflect the tension between the traditional Korean cultural values that Monica’s mother may hold and the more individualistic, expressive values she encounters in American society. While Monica may understand that expressing vulnerability is more accepted in the U.S., her deep-seated cultural norms from Korea make her feel that she must shield her mother from any emotional burden.
Conclusion
Monica’s apology to her mother in Minari is a powerful cultural gesture that reveals the complexities of immigrant life, the weight of filial piety in Korean culture, and the emotional burden of balancing personal struggles with cultural expectations. It reflects the profound respect and responsibility Monica feels toward her mother, as well as the pressure to protect her from hardship. The apology encapsulates the immigrant experience—caught between two cultures—and highlights how cultural norms, guilt, and familial duty influence personal relationships and emotional expression.
莫妮卡拒绝母亲给的积蓄，并对她说：“不行，我不能要，应该是我给你钱，我在工作。”
在电影《米纳里》中，莫妮卡拒绝了母亲给的积蓄，并坚决表示“应该是我给你钱，我在工作”。这一情节反映了深刻的文化价值观和家庭关系，尤其是在韩国文化和移民文化背景下的情感与责任表达。
1. 韩国文化中的孝道和责任
孝道文化的核心价值
孝道是韩国文化中根深蒂固的价值观，强调子女应尽责地照顾和回报父母，特别是在父母年老或经济上有困难时。莫妮卡的拒绝反映了她在文化上的责任感——她认为作为子女，应该是她来照顾母亲，而不是反过来依赖母亲。这种责任感在韩国文化中是非常重要的，通常会表现为子女在经济上自立，并且尽量避免让父母感到负担或不安。
自立与尊严
在韩国文化中，尤其是对于成年人来说，自立是非常重要的价值。莫妮卡作为一个成年人，并且在工作中有收入，她认为自己应该通过自己的努力来照顾家庭和父母，而不是依赖他们。这体现了她对自己责任的坚持，同时也是对母亲独立和尊严的一种尊重。
2. 移民文化中的自我表达与家庭角色
移民与家庭经济压力
作为移民，莫妮卡的家庭面临着双重经济压力：一方面，她和丈夫雅各布需要维持一个新的家庭和生活方式，另一方面，他们还要承载来自母国的传统责任和期望。拒绝母亲的资助，实际上是一种表达她想要通过自己的努力来克服困境的方式。这不仅是为了保持家庭的独立性，也是在努力摆脱依赖的负担。
自尊与身份的挑战
在移民生活中，尤其是像莫妮卡这样的女性，往往会感到强烈的责任感和对家庭的负担感，她们会希望通过自己的工作来维护家庭的尊严。她的拒绝可以视为她对母亲的一种保护——她不希望母亲认为她在外面生活得不好，或是依赖于他人。拒绝帮助背后实际上隐藏着对家庭荣誉和个人尊严的维护。
3. 文化间的期待冲突
传统文化与现代文化的碰撞
莫妮卡的行为也反映了传统文化与现代文化之间的冲突。在传统的韩国文化中，家庭成员间相互扶持和照顾是至关重要的，但在美国文化中，尤其是当移民融入主流社会时，更加强调个人的独立和自主。莫妮卡拒绝母亲的积蓄，表面上看是出于自尊和自立，但也可能是在抗衡两种文化之间的压力。在她看来，接受母亲的资助可能意味着她未能完全融入美国社会的独立性文化，而保持拒绝则表明她仍然坚持韩国文化中的独立和自尊。
4. 父母对子女的期望
父母与子女角色的转变
在许多文化中，尤其是韩国文化中，父母通常扮演提供者和养育者的角色，而子女则承担照顾父母的责任。莫妮卡的拒绝也反映了她对母亲角色的反思：她不希望母亲在经济上再负担她，而是希望通过自己的努力来为家庭创造更好的生活条件。这种反转的责任关系，体现了她希望维持自己在家庭中的独立地位，同时也展示了她对于母亲无微不至关怀的感激和回报。
5. 情感表达与文化认同
移民中的情感认同
对于移民来说，情感认同往往受到文化背景的深刻影响。莫妮卡拒绝母亲的资助，可以看作是她对自己文化认同的一种表达。在她的文化中，作为子女有责任照顾和回馈父母，这不仅是经济上的帮助，更是情感上的支持。通过拒绝母亲的资助，莫妮卡希望以自己的方式维持文化认同，并表达自己能独立生活并承担家庭责任的能力。
结论
莫妮卡在电影《米纳里》中的行为反映了韩国文化中孝道与家庭责任的核心价值，同时也表现了移民在适应新环境时如何在文化认同和个人独立之间找到平衡。她的拒绝不仅仅是对母亲资助的拒绝，更是她努力维护家庭独立、尊严和文化责任感的体现。在跨文化环境中，像莫妮卡这样的行为是对文化期待、个人尊严和家庭责任的深刻反思，揭示了移民生活中的复杂情感与文化冲突。
In the movie Minari, Monica refuses her mother's savings and firmly states, "I can't accept it. I should be giving you money; I’m working." This scene reflects deep cultural values and family dynamics, particularly in the context of Korean culture and immigrant life.
1. Filial Piety and Responsibility in Korean Culture
Core Values of Filial Piety
Filial piety is a deeply rooted value in Korean culture, emphasizing the responsibility of children to care for and repay their parents, especially when parents are older or in financial difficulty. Monica’s refusal reflects her strong sense of responsibility in line with this cultural norm. She believes that as a child, she should be the one to support her mother, not the other way around. This sense of duty is highly significant in Korean culture, often manifesting in children becoming economically independent and avoiding making their parents feel like a burden or source of anxiety.
Independence and Dignity
In Korean culture, particularly among adults, independence is a highly valued principle. Monica, as an adult with income from her work, believes she should support her family and parents through her own efforts, not by relying on them. This is not only about her sense of responsibility but also a sign of respect for her mother's independence and dignity.
2. Immigrant Culture: Self-expression and Family Roles
Economic Pressures of Immigrant Life
As immigrants, Monica and her family face dual economic pressures: on one hand, they need to maintain a new family and lifestyle in the United States; on the other, they are burdened with traditional responsibilities and expectations from their homeland. Her refusal of her mother’s savings is, in a sense, her way of expressing a desire to overcome difficulties through her own hard work. This is not just about maintaining family independence but also about relieving her mother of any financial burden.
Self-respect and Identity Challenges
Immigrant families, especially women like Monica, often experience a strong sense of responsibility and a feeling of being burdened by family obligations. Monica likely wants to preserve her family's dignity by proving she can support them independently. Her refusal is a form of protection for her mother—she doesn't want her mother to think that life is difficult for her or that she is relying on others. In a sense, this act represents her effort to maintain the family's pride and personal dignity.
3. Cultural Conflict Between Tradition and Modernity
Conflict Between Traditional and Modern Cultures
Monica’s action also reflects the clash between traditional and modern cultures. In traditional Korean culture, mutual support and care between family members are paramount, but in American culture, especially as immigrants assimilate into mainstream society, there is a greater emphasis on individual independence and self-sufficiency. Monica’s refusal may appear to be an assertion of self-respect, but it also suggests a negotiation between these two cultural pressures. By refusing her mother's savings, Monica may be signaling her desire to remain aligned with Korean cultural values while also embracing the independence celebrated in American society.
4. Shifting Roles Between Parents and Children
Role Reversal Between Parents and Children
In many cultures, especially in Korean culture, parents are typically the providers and caregivers, while children take on the responsibility of caring for their parents as they age. Monica’s refusal highlights a reversal of this role. She does not want her mother to feel obligated to help her financially but instead wants to provide for her family through her own work. This shift in responsibility speaks to her desire to maintain her independence within the family while honoring her mother’s sacrifices.
5. Emotional Expression and Cultural Identity
Emotional Identity in Immigration
For immigrants, emotional identity is often shaped by cultural heritage. Monica's refusal to accept her mother's savings can be seen as an expression of her cultural identity. In her culture, children are expected to care for and support their parents, and this extends beyond just financial support; it encompasses emotional and moral support as well. By rejecting the savings, Monica is asserting her ability to live independently and fulfill the cultural responsibility of being a self-sufficient adult.
Conclusion
Monica's refusal of her mother's savings in Minari reflects the core values of filial piety and family responsibility in Korean culture while also showing how immigrants navigate cultural identity and personal independence in a new environment. Her decision is not just a rejection of financial help; it is a demonstration of her commitment to maintaining family dignity, independence, and a sense of cultural responsibility. In the context of immigrant life, Monica's actions reveal the complex emotional and cultural conflicts at play and how individuals balance family obligations with the desire to integrate into a new society.雅各布和保罗一起种地时，保罗对雅各布说荒野里的东西对庄稼不好，建议驱魔，雅各布说不必要，可保罗还是要驱魔，他说：“以耶稣之名都退散”，这时雅各布讽刺他：“好了，现在庄稼都会长大了”。雅各布给保罗递烟，但保罗说：“我不要，看在耶稣的份上，把那东西拿走。”这时雅各布直接对他说：“你是疯子，你真疯。“姥姥为大卫的病带了很多名贵的补品，如鹿茸，但大卫觉得姥姥的药还不如山泉水好喝，可莫妮卡说以后每天都得喝一碗。
在电影《米纳里》中，祖母Soonja为大卫带来了昂贵的补品，如鹿茸，但大卫觉得祖母的药不如山泉水好喝，而莫妮卡则坚持让大卫每天喝一碗补品。这一场景反映了几个文化层面的特点，尤其是在韩国文化、家庭价值观以及移民经验的背景下。
1. 韩国文化中对传统疗法的重视
传统医学的价值
在韩国文化中，传统的疗法和草药有着悠久的历史，通常是代代相传。这些疗法，比如鹿茸，通常被认为具有药用价值，能够改善健康和福祉。祖母坚持使用这些补品，反映了韩国文化中对传统知识的高度尊重和对健康实践的文化价值。
在韩国家庭中，老一辈常常通过提供传统的疗法来表达对年轻一代的关心和爱。这种行为体现了文化传统的传承，尽管年轻一代可能不了解其重要性或味道。祖母的这种行为反映了即使孩子不理解或反感，这些传统仍然是一种爱的表达方式。
2. 代际差异与文化脱节
年轻一代与老一代的差异
大卫拒绝这些补品反映了代际之间的文化差异，年轻人可能无法理解或欣赏老一代所传承的传统和做法。随着孩子在现代、通常是西方化的环境中成长，他们可能更注重个人偏好，而非传统文化的实践。大卫更喜欢喝山泉水而不是鹿茸补品，展示了年轻一代对个人需求和老一代的文化价值观之间的脱节。
相比之下，莫妮卡坚持让大卫喝这些补品，实际上是她对母亲的尊重，并且试图在家庭传统和现代生活之间找到平衡。她明白母亲带来的补品的价值，并试图在现代与传统之间找到共识。
3. 移民体验与文化适应
保持文化认同
作为移民，莫妮卡面临着在适应美国文化的同时保持韩国文化认同的挑战。她鼓励大卫喝这些补品，尽管大卫有所抗拒，反映了她想要保留韩国文化的实践，即便年轻一代可能不理解其重要性。这也是许多移民家庭所面临的困境，他们试图为孩子保持传统，然而孩子们却受到周围主流文化的影响。
莫妮卡坚持让大卫喝补品也可以看作是她在陌生环境中的文化认同的一个方式，帮助她在生活的挑战中保持一种熟悉的、具有意义的文化元素。
4. 健康与家庭在韩国文化中的地位
健康作为家庭的优先事项
在韩国文化中，家庭健康是一种集体关注，家庭成员之间彼此关心对方的健康。祖母提供的药物补品不仅仅是一种实用行为，它象征着她对大卫健康的深切关爱。对于莫妮卡来说，鼓励大卫每天喝补品代表着她想保护他，并为他提供她认为最好的关爱，这种关爱是根植于家庭的传统之中的。
照顾他人的角色
在韩国家庭中，照顾他人是一个共同的责任，尤其是在照顾孩子健康方面。莫妮卡决定支持母亲的补品，也反映了家庭成员之间的情感纽带及责任感。莫妮卡作为年轻一代，试图在尊重母亲的智慧和照顾孩子的个人需求之间找到平衡。
5. 移民家庭中的文化认同与健康
文化认同与身体的关系
交换补品的这一情节也突出了身体常常作为文化认同的载体。在许多移民家庭中，身体成为保持文化认同的一种方式，从食物到健康习惯，都是维持文化的手段。莫妮卡坚持让大卫喝补品，象征着她希望让家人保持韩国传统，即便是在外国环境中。对于移民家庭来说，健康习惯往往是能在代际之间传承文化认同的少数途径之一。
结论
在《米纳里》中，围绕鹿茸补品的互动，展示了传统与现代、代际差异以及移民经验之间的张力。祖母提供补品代表了韩国文化中对健康和家庭关爱的重视，而大卫的抗拒则反映了年轻一代对传统习俗的拒绝。莫妮卡坚持让大卫喝补品，表明她试图尊重母亲的传统，同时也在现代生活与传统之间寻找平衡。这一场景体现了文化价值观在移民家庭中如何传承和调整，尤其是在代际差异和文化冲突的背景下。
In the movie Minari, the grandmother, Soonja, brings expensive supplements such as deer antler to help with David’s health, but David, the young boy, prefers to drink mountain spring water over her traditional remedies. Monica, his mother, insists that David drink a bowl of the supplement every day. This scene reflects several cultural nuances, especially in the context of Korean culture, family values, and the immigrant experience.
1. Respect for Traditional Remedies in Korean Culture
Value of Traditional Medicine
In Korean culture, traditional remedies and herbal medicines have a long history, often passed down through generations. These remedies, which include ingredients like deer antler, are believed to have medicinal properties that can improve health and well-being. The grandmother's insistence on using these supplements is a reflection of the high regard for traditional knowledge and the cultural value placed on health practices rooted in centuries-old beliefs.
In Korean families, it is common for older generations to express care for younger generations through the provision of traditional remedies. In this case, Soonja brings these gifts to show her love and concern for David's health, even if the child doesn't understand their significance or taste. This is an example of how cultural traditions are passed down, despite differences in personal preference.
2. Generational Differences and Cultural Disconnection
Young vs. Older Generations
David’s resistance to the supplements reflects a common generational gap, where younger people may not appreciate or understand the value of traditions and practices that have been ingrained in older generations. As children grow up in a more modern, often Westernized, environment, they may prioritize personal preferences over traditional cultural practices. David’s preference for mountain spring water over deer antler supplements shows the disconnect between the younger generation's personal desires and the older generation's beliefs about what is good for health.
In contrast, Monica’s insistence on having David drink the supplements every day is her way of respecting her mother’s care and maintaining familial traditions. She understands the value of what her mother has brought and is trying to balance the old with the new, showing respect to both the tradition and the family’s cultural heritage.
3. The Immigrant Experience and Cultural Adaptation
Preserving Cultural Identity
Monica, as an immigrant, faces the challenge of maintaining her Korean identity while adapting to American culture. Her encouragement for David to drink the supplements, despite his resistance, reflects her desire to preserve Korean cultural practices, even in the face of potential rejection from the younger generation. This is often a challenge for immigrant families, as they try to keep traditions alive for their children, who are increasingly influenced by the dominant culture around them.
The fact that Monica is adamant about David drinking the supplements can also be seen as her way of holding onto something familiar and meaningful from her home country, amid the struggles and uncertainties of living in a new place.
4. Health and Family in Korean Culture
Health as a Family Priority
In Korean culture, family health is a collective concern, and family members are expected to look out for one another’s well-being. The grandmother’s offering of medicinal supplements is not just a practical act; it symbolizes her deep care for her grandson's health. For Monica, encouraging David to drink the supplement represents her own desire to protect him and provide him with what she believes to be the best care, rooted in the family’s traditions.
The Role of Caregiving in Korean Families
In Korean families, caregiving is often seen as a communal effort, especially when it comes to children's health. Monica’s decision to support her mother’s remedy demonstrates how care for the younger generation is not just about physical health but also about emotional bonding and familial duty. Monica is acting as a bridge between the traditional and modern worlds, trying to respect both her mother’s wisdom and David’s individual needs.
5. Cultural Identity and Health in Immigrant Families
Cultural Identity and the Body
The exchange over supplements also highlights how the body is often seen as a site for cultural identity. In many immigrant families, the body becomes a vessel for maintaining cultural practices, from food to health rituals. Monica's insistence on the supplement could symbolize her efforts to keep her family grounded in Korean traditions, even in a foreign environment. In the context of the immigrant experience, health practices are often one of the few tangible ways in which cultural identity can be preserved across generations.
Conclusion
In Minari, the interaction around the deer antler supplements between the grandmother, Monica, and David highlights the tension between tradition and modernity, the generational divide, and the immigrant experience. The grandmother’s offering of the supplements represents traditional Korean values of health and familial care, while David’s resistance illustrates the struggle of younger generations to reconcile personal preference with cultural expectations. Monica’s insistence on David drinking the supplements reflects her attempt to preserve cultural practices and family unity, despite the challenges posed by cultural adaptation in a new country. This scene encapsulates the broader theme of how cultural values are passed down and negotiated within immigrant families, especially in the face of generational and cultural differences.
大卫不愿意和姥姥分享房间。看到大卫正在吃香蕉，姥姥过去跟他说：”看着真好吃，姥姥能尝尝吗？“其实姥姥并不是真的想吃香蕉，而想通过分享食物来拉近自己和大卫的关系。莫妮卡想要挣更多的钱，所以在晚上努力学习分辨鸡仔性别。大卫问姥姥会不会做饭和烤饼干，但是姥姥回答说都不会做。作为虔诚的教徒，莫妮卡跟工友打听附近的教堂。大卫跟安妮说：“她都不识字，她不像真正的姥姥。”他们用方形餐桌，吃饭时雅各布在上座，莫妮卡在雅各布的左边，桌上有茶。姥姥、安妮和大卫不在桌上吃饭，他们坐在地上边吃饭，边看电视。莫妮卡告诉大卫睡觉前要祈祷，这样他的心脏病就会越来越好，但是姥姥批评莫妮卡说：“你老让这个孩子干这些有的没的。”
在电影《米纳里》中，莫妮卡告诉大卫睡觉前要祈祷，以此希望他能改善心脏病的状况，而姥姥则批评莫妮卡让孩子做“有的没的”事情。这一情节展现了几种文化现象，尤其是在韩国文化、家庭价值观以及代际差异的背景下。
1. 宗教信仰与心灵安慰
韩国文化中的宗教信仰 在许多韩国家庭中，宗教，特别是基督教信仰，是日常生活的一部分。莫妮卡的做法，告诉大卫睡前祈祷，体现了她对宗教的依赖和信仰的慰藉。在韩国文化中，祈祷不仅是一种宗教行为，也往往被看作是一种心灵的安慰，尤其是在面临困境时。对于莫妮卡而言，祈祷可能是她在文化和信仰上的一种支撑方式，帮助她应对生活中的挑战，尤其是移民生活带来的压力和不安。
信仰与健康的关系 许多家庭会将宗教信仰与健康状况联系在一起，认为祈祷和精神上的安慰能对身体健康产生正面影响。莫妮卡的行为反映了她作为母亲希望通过信仰来给孩子带来正能量和心灵上的支持。在她看来，祈祷不仅能帮助缓解孩子的身体不适，也能帮助改善家庭的整体情感和精神状态。
2. 文化中的代际差异
祖母与母亲的不同看法 姥姥批评莫妮卡让大卫做“有的没的”其实反映了代际之间对如何照顾孩子的不同看法。在韩国文化中，老一辈的人往往对新一代的教育方式持保守态度，认为过于依赖精神或宗教信仰的做法可能并不实际。祖母更注重实际的解决方案，可能更倾向于依靠医疗手段和传统方法来处理健康问题，而不是寄希望于祈祷这样的精神行为。
代际之间的文化冲突 祖母的批评还表现了代际之间在育儿方式上的差异。在老一辈人的观念中，孩子的健康问题通常应该由专业的医疗和科学的手段来解决，而不是通过宗教行为或迷信来应对。莫妮卡的做法则反映了年轻一代可能更倾向于将宗教信仰与日常生活结合，即使这种方式在老一辈人看来可能是“无用的”或“迷信的”。
3. 移民家庭中的文化冲突与适应
移民家庭的文化适应 作为一个移民母亲，莫妮卡在新的文化环境中面临着许多挑战。在美国，她不得不面对生活的困境并试图寻找属于自己的方式来应对这些问题。宗教可能是她保持文化认同和应对压力的一种方式。她的做法反映了移民在新环境中保持原有信仰的需要，尽管这种做法可能与周围文化或家庭中的老一辈观点产生冲突。
信仰与移民经历 在电影中，莫妮卡作为母亲，将信仰视为一种情感寄托，尤其是在艰难的生活条件下，祈祷是一种寻求安慰和精神支持的方式。对她而言，这种方式不仅是对自己文化的坚守，也是她在移民生活中找到的一种心灵支柱。
4. 家庭中的情感表达
母亲的关爱与情感支持 对莫妮卡而言，让孩子祈祷是她作为母亲的一种关爱表现，虽然这种做法可能不被老一辈完全理解。母亲通过信仰来传递对孩子的关心和情感支持，希望通过这种方式为孩子提供一种情感上的慰藉。
亲情与照顾 姥姥批评莫妮卡的方式则体现了她对更实际照顾方式的偏好，她可能认为通过具体的措施，比如提供药物或寻求医学帮助，才是真正关心孩子健康的方式。这也反映了文化差异中对照顾孩子的理解：母亲倾向于精神支持，而祖母则看重物质和实际的照顾。
5. 文化中的祈祷与治疗
祈祷作为治疗手段 在许多文化中，祈祷被视为一种精神治疗手段，尤其在面临健康问题时。对莫妮卡来说，祈祷不仅仅是宗教行为，也是她试图通过精神力量来减轻孩子的痛苦的一种方式。在韩国文化中，传统的治疗方法和宗教信仰往往是并行的，许多人可能同时依靠现代医学和宗教力量来应对生活中的挑战。
结论
这一情节中的文化现象反映了信仰与代际差异的冲突，尤其是在移民家庭中。当莫妮卡坚持让大卫祈祷时，她展现了母亲对孩子的爱和对文化信仰的依赖，而祖母的批评则体现了对传统医学和实际解决方案的偏好。这一场景不仅揭示了不同代际的文化差异，还反映了移民家庭在新环境中保持文化认同与适应主流文化之间的矛盾与冲突。
In the film Minari, Monica tells David to pray before bed so that his heart condition will improve, but Grandma criticizes Monica, saying, "You always make this child do these useless things." This scene reflects several cultural phenomena, particularly within the context of Korean culture, family values, and intergenerational differences.
1. Religious Belief and Spiritual Comfort
Religious Beliefs in Korean Culture In many Korean families, religion, particularly Christianity, is an integral part of daily life. Monica’s action of telling David to pray reflects her reliance on and comfort derived from her faith. In Korean culture, prayer is often not only a religious act but also a form of spiritual comfort, especially when facing hardships. For Monica, prayer is likely a support system that helps her deal with the pressures of immigrant life. She believes that through prayer, she can provide solace and healing for her child.
Connecting Faith with Health Many families link religious faith to health, believing that prayer and spiritual comfort can have positive effects on physical health. Monica’s behavior shows her attempt to offer both emotional and spiritual support to her child through faith. She hopes that prayer will not only ease David’s physical discomfort but also improve the overall emotional and spiritual atmosphere of the family.
2. Generational Differences in Perspectives
Grandmother’s and Mother’s Differing Views Grandma’s criticism of Monica for having David do "useless things" reflects generational differences in views on child-rearing. In Korean culture, older generations tend to be more conservative and may not fully understand or accept the ways younger generations approach raising children. Grandma likely believes in more practical and medically-based approaches to health issues, whereas Monica leans on religious practices and faith to address her child’s well-being.
Cultural Conflicts Between Generations The grandmother’s criticism also highlights the cultural conflict between generations regarding child-rearing methods. In older generations, health problems are typically addressed through practical medical interventions, not spiritual actions like prayer. Monica’s approach represents a younger generation that may be more inclined to integrate religious faith into their daily lives, even if such practices might seem unnecessary or ineffective to the older generation.
3. Cultural Conflicts and Adaptation in Immigrant Families
Cultural Adaptation in Immigrant Families As an immigrant mother, Monica faces numerous challenges in adapting to a new cultural environment. In America, she must deal with the hardships of life and attempt to find ways to navigate those struggles. Religion may serve as a way for her to maintain her cultural identity and cope with the pressures of being in a foreign land. Her reliance on prayer reflects her desire to find comfort in something familiar, even if it conflicts with the mainstream culture around her.
Faith and the Immigrant Experience In the film, Monica’s practice of having David pray can be seen as an attempt to retain her cultural roots while facing the difficulties of immigrant life. Prayer is not just a religious practice for her but a source of comfort and support. For her, it serves as both a cultural anchor and a way to protect her family emotionally and spiritually in the face of hardship.
4. Emotional Expression in Family Care
Mother’s Care and Emotional Support For Monica, telling David to pray is an expression of her care and concern as a mother. Although this may not be understood or accepted by the older generation, her action is rooted in her desire to comfort her child. She seeks to provide spiritual support, hoping it will improve David’s health and strengthen their family bond.
Practical vs. Emotional Support Grandma’s criticism, on the other hand, shows a preference for more practical approaches to child care. She likely believes that a focus on real medical treatments or solutions is the best way to care for a child’s health, while Monica’s reliance on prayer seems less tangible to her. This reflects a broader cultural difference in approaches to caring for children: older generations may prioritize practical care, while younger generations may blend emotional, spiritual, and practical aspects.
5. Prayer as a Form of Healing in Culture
Prayer as a Healing Practice In many cultures, prayer is seen as a form of spiritual healing, especially when dealing with health issues. For Monica, prayer is not just a religious ritual; it is a way of emotionally supporting her child and easing his health struggles. In Korean culture, traditional healing methods and religious practices are often used simultaneously, with people turning to both modern medicine and spiritual practices to cope with life's challenges.
Conclusion
This scene highlights the cultural phenomenon of generational differences in parenting and the role of religion in healing. Monica’s insistence on having David pray reflects her deep reliance on faith and emotional support, while Grandma’s criticism reveals her preference for more practical, medical approaches. The tension between the two generations also reflects the immigrant experience—Monica’s attempt to preserve her cultural beliefs in a new environment, despite the different attitudes and practices of the surrounding culture. This conflict exemplifies how immigrant families balance maintaining their traditions with adapting to the dominant culture in which they live.莫妮卡在生活困苦到连日常水费都交不起的情况下，却在参加礼拜时捐了100美金，雅各布看了莫妮卡一眼，表示出不满意，认为她捐太多了。姥姥也不信教，因此把莫妮卡捐的钱悄悄拿了回去。
在电影《米纳里》中，Monica 在生活极其拮据的情况下捐出 100 美元用于教会礼拜，Jacob 对此表示不满，而奶奶悄悄将捐款拿了回来。这一情节反映了多层次的跨文化现象，尤其是在宗教信仰、家庭经济观念以及代际价值观之间的冲突。
1. 宗教信仰与经济压力的优先级
Monica 的行为反映了宗教在她生活中的核心地位
对 Monica 而言，宗教不仅是信仰的体现，更是内心寄托和力量的来源。尽管家庭经济困难，她仍愿意捐赠 100 美元，说明她视宗教礼拜为重要的精神需求。
在许多深受基督教影响的文化中，捐赠被视为信徒履行责任的一部分，即便捐赠金额看似与实际经济状况不符，也常常出于对信仰的虔诚。
Jacob 的不满反映了实际主义的文化倾向
相较于 Monica 的精神需求，Jacob 更倾向于从现实角度看待问题。他认为家人应优先满足基本生存需要，捐款是一种不必要的开支。这种态度体现了务实主义的价值观，即优先解决直接的、实际的问题，而非满足抽象的精神需求。
2. 家庭内部的代际观念冲突
奶奶的行为反映了宗教观念差异
奶奶的做法表明她并不认同宗教在 Monica 生活中的重要性，甚至可能认为在经济困难时期捐款是一种浪费。她私自取回捐款的行为体现了与 Monica 不同的价值观，也揭示了不同代际或文化背景下对宗教的不同态度。
在一些以实用主义为主的文化中，家庭长者更倾向于直接保护家庭利益，宗教实践或象征性的捐赠在此背景下被视为次要甚至不必要。
3. 移民家庭中的宗教信仰与身份认同
宗教作为文化根基和心理依托
对 Monica 来说，身处美国这样一个陌生的环境中，教会是她的支持网络，也是她的文化根基之一。通过捐赠，她不仅在履行宗教义务，也在寻求社区归属感和心理安慰。移民家庭在新环境中常会通过宗教和文化传统来保持内心的稳定性和认同感。
宗教与家庭经济观念的冲突
Jacob 的务实态度可能更多地受到移民生活的实际压力所驱动。他认为资源应优先用于家庭建设和基本需求。这种观念与 Monica 的信仰观念形成直接冲突，反映出移民家庭在融合新文化与保留旧文化之间的平衡挑战。
4. 文化背景对捐赠行为的不同解读
捐赠在不同文化中的意义
在韩国文化中，宗教捐赠可能与面子观念（“表面功夫”）相关：即使家庭贫困，仍需在社区或教会中表现慷慨，以维护个人和家庭的社会声誉。而在美国文化中，捐赠更多地被视为个人行为，与经济能力更加匹配。
个体与家庭利益的权衡
Monica 的捐赠行为强调个人信仰和道德义务，而 Jacob 和奶奶的反应更关注家庭整体利益。这一差异体现了个体主义和集体主义之间的张力，后者在移民家庭中尤为显著。
5. 家庭内部的隐性权力动态
Jacob 的反应显示了家庭领导者的期待
Jacob 的眼神传递出一种对 Monica 财务决策的不满，表现出传统家庭中丈夫作为“经济支配者”的角色期待。然而，Monica 的行为也表明她并未完全屈服于这一权力结构，而是坚持自己的价值观。
奶奶的行为反映了文化中长者的“干预权”
在韩国文化中，长者的干预通常被认为是家庭事务的正常部分。奶奶拿回捐款的行为既体现了她的务实态度，也展现了她对家庭决策的参与。
6. 宗教、经济与文化之间的微妙平衡
这一情节揭示了宗教信仰如何在经济压力和文化观念中寻找平衡。移民家庭不仅面临现实生活的挑战，还需在宗教、家庭责任和文化价值之间找到共存之道。
总结
Monica 的捐款行为反映了她对宗教的虔诚和依赖，而 Jacob 的不满以及奶奶的实际干预则展现了家庭中不同价值观的冲突。这一情节生动地描绘了移民家庭在信仰、经济和文化之间的复杂关系，也反映了代际差异和性别角色在家庭动态中的表现。
In the film Minari, Monica donates $100 during a church service despite the family’s financial struggles, which prompts dissatisfaction from Jacob, who believes she gave too much. Additionally, the grandmother, who does not share Monica’s religious beliefs, secretly takes back the money. This scene reflects several layers of intercultural phenomena, particularly regarding religious faith, family financial perspectives, and intergenerational values.
1. The Priority of Religious Faith vs. Economic Pressure
Monica’s actions reflect the centrality of religion in her life
For Monica, religion is not just a belief system but a source of solace and strength. Despite financial hardship, her willingness to donate $100 shows that she sees religious worship as a crucial spiritual need.
In many cultures deeply influenced by Christianity, donating to the church is seen as a vital part of fulfilling one’s duties as a believer. Even if the donation seems disproportionate to the economic reality, it is often motivated by devout faith.
Jacob’s dissatisfaction reflects a pragmatic cultural approach
Unlike Monica, Jacob prioritizes practical concerns. He believes the family’s immediate survival needs should take precedence over abstract spiritual obligations. His attitude reflects a utilitarian value system, which focuses on solving tangible and immediate problems rather than meeting intangible emotional or spiritual needs.
2. Generational Value Conflicts Within the Family
The grandmother’s actions highlight differences in religious beliefs
The grandmother’s decision to take back the donation underscores her lack of alignment with Monica’s view of religion. She likely sees the donation as wasteful during difficult times, emphasizing practical benefits over spiritual obligations.
In cultures that value pragmatism, family elders often prioritize protecting family resources, viewing symbolic religious practices or charitable giving as secondary or unnecessary.
3. Religion and Identity in Immigrant Families
Religion as a cultural anchor and psychological support
For Monica, living in an unfamiliar environment, the church serves as a support network and a cultural anchor. By donating, she not only fulfills religious duties but also seeks a sense of belonging and comfort within the community. Immigrant families often rely on religion and cultural traditions to maintain inner stability and a sense of identity in their new environment.
Conflict between religious practices and economic priorities
Jacob’s pragmatic stance likely stems from the financial pressures of immigrant life. He believes resources should be channeled toward family needs rather than religious practices. This conflict highlights the challenge immigrant families face in balancing the preservation of cultural values with the demands of adapting to a new environment.
4. Different Interpretations of Charitable Giving Across Cultures
The significance of donations in various cultures
In Korean culture, religious donations can sometimes be tied to maintaining social face; even in financial hardship, generosity may be displayed in the community or church to uphold family reputation. In contrast, in American culture, donations are often seen as a personal decision and are more closely aligned with financial capacity.
Balancing individual and family interests
Monica’s donation emphasizes personal faith and moral obligations, while Jacob and the grandmother prioritize the collective interests of the family. This contrast reveals a tension between individualism and collectivism, which is particularly pronounced in immigrant households.
5. Implicit Power Dynamics Within the Family
Jacob’s reaction reflects expectations of a family leader
Jacob’s glance communicates his dissatisfaction with Monica’s financial decision, reflecting the traditional role of the husband as the financial decision-maker. However, Monica’s donation shows her independence and refusal to completely yield to this expectation.
The grandmother’s actions reflect the cultural “intervention rights” of elders
In Korean culture, it is common for elders to intervene in family matters. The grandmother’s retrieval of the donation demonstrates her pragmatic perspective and her role as an influential family figure.
6. Balancing Religion, Economics, and Cultural Values
This scene illustrates how religious faith interacts with economic pressure and cultural values. Immigrant families must navigate not only the challenges of daily survival but also the balance between religious obligations, family responsibilities, and cultural expectations.
Conclusion
Monica’s donation reflects her deep religious faith and dependence on spiritual strength, while Jacob’s dissatisfaction and the grandmother’s intervention showcase the differing value systems within the family. This scene vividly portrays the complex relationship between religion, economics, and culture in an immigrant household, highlighting generational differences and gender roles in the family dynamic.
当莫妮卡和当地居民用英语交流时，总是恭恭敬敬，并对她们说：“抱歉我的英语不是很好。”
在电影《米纳里》中，Monica在与当地居民用英语交流时总是表现得非常恭敬，并常常主动道歉说：“抱歉我的英语不好。”这一行为反映了跨文化交际中语言能力、身份认同以及礼貌策略等多方面的文化现象。
1. 语言能力与身份认同
语言能力的自我意识
Monica的道歉体现了她对自己英语能力的不自信。作为非母语使用者，尤其是在移民背景下，语言能力往往被视为一个人社会适应力的标志。Monica主动提及自己的语言不足，是对自己语言地位的一种认知和承认。
身份认同与适应心理
Monica的行为显示了她在美国社会中的身份焦虑。通过道歉，她试图表达对文化差异的意识以及对主流文化的尊重。这种行为体现了移民在跨文化交际中的一种“低姿态”，希望通过示弱来减少误解和冲突，从而获得更多的包容和支持。
2. 礼貌策略的文化差异
东方文化中的谦逊与自谦
在韩国文化中，自谦是一种重要的社交礼仪。即使语言能力并不差，人们也倾向于在交谈中表现谦虚，以表达对对方的尊重和避免冒犯。这与西方文化中更注重自信表达的沟通风格形成对比。Monica的道歉符合韩国文化中“谦虚”的传统，同时也体现了她对对方耐心的感激。
西方文化中的理解与包容
在美国，语言不足的道歉往往会被接收者视为友好和诚实的信号，而不会导致负面评价。这种包容性有助于Monica在跨文化交际中建立更和谐的关系。
3. 移民文化适应中的心理策略
降低交际压力
道歉可以降低Monica的心理压力，并为可能的语言错误提供“缓冲区”。她通过自我揭露和示弱，降低了对方的期望，同时也表明了自己的努力态度，从而缓和了可能的紧张气氛。
建立文化桥梁
Monica的道歉不仅是个人行为，也是为了消除文化隔阂的一种策略。她通过表现出对美国文化的尊重和对语言不足的自觉，传递了友善和开放的信息，从而拉近了与当地居民的关系。
4. 跨文化适应中的权力不对等
语言能力与社会地位的关联
语言能力往往与社会地位挂钩。在移民背景下，Monica因语言劣势处于交际中的弱势地位。她通过道歉这一策略，试图在这种权力不对等中建立平等对话的可能性。
文化适应的双向努力
Monica的努力表明移民需要主动适应主流文化，而美国居民的包容态度则反映了多元文化社会中的双向互动。这种互相适应有助于缓解文化冲突，并推动跨文化理解。
5. 家庭与文化教育的影响
家庭文化价值观的延续
Monica的礼貌行为受到其韩国文化背景的影响，她可能将这种自谦的行为作为家庭教育的重要组成部分，传递给下一代。
文化背景对语言学习的限制
Monica作为第一代移民，可能没有接受过系统的英语教育，或者她的学习环境更倾向于实用性而非流利性。这种背景导致了她对英语能力的敏感性。
结论
Monica在与当地居民交流时表现出的恭敬与道歉，既反映了她在跨文化适应中的心理策略，也体现了韩国文化中谦逊的传统价值观。在跨文化交际中，这种行为既能缓解移民的语言劣势，又能建立文化间的桥梁。然而，这也揭示了移民面对语言能力与身份认同之间张力的复杂性，以及文化融合过程中的挑战与机遇。
In the film Minari, Monica often interacts with local residents in English with great respect, frequently apologizing and saying, "Sorry, my English is not good." This behavior reflects various cultural phenomena related to language competence, identity, and politeness strategies in cross-cultural communication.
1. Language Competence and Identity
Awareness of Language Skills
Monica’s apologies reflect her lack of confidence in her English abilities. As a non-native speaker, especially in an immigrant context, language proficiency is often seen as a marker of social integration. By mentioning her perceived language inadequacies, Monica acknowledges her linguistic status.
Identity and Adaptation Psychology
Monica’s behavior indicates her anxiety about her place in American society. Through apologies, she expresses awareness of cultural differences and respect for the dominant culture. This behavior illustrates how immigrants adopt a "humble" stance in cross-cultural interactions, seeking greater understanding and acceptance.
2. Cultural Differences in Politeness Strategies
Humility and Self-Deprecation in Eastern Cultures
In Korean culture, humility is a key aspect of social etiquette. Even if one’s language skills are adequate, people tend to be modest in conversation to show respect and avoid offending others. This contrasts with the Western emphasis on confident self-expression. Monica’s apologies align with Korean cultural traditions of humility while expressing gratitude for the patience of others.
Western Tolerance and Inclusivity
In the U.S., apologies for language inadequacies are often perceived as signals of friendliness and sincerity, rather than incompetence. This inclusive attitude helps Monica establish more harmonious relationships in her cross-cultural interactions.
3. Psychological Strategies in Cultural Adaptation
Reducing Communication Pressure
Apologizing allows Monica to reduce her psychological pressure and provide a "buffer zone" for potential language errors. Through self-disclosure and humility, she lowers expectations and demonstrates her effort, thereby alleviating any potential tension.
Building Cultural Bridges
Monica’s apologies are not merely personal behavior but also a strategy to bridge cultural gaps. By demonstrating respect for American culture and acknowledging her linguistic challenges, she conveys openness and friendliness, helping to foster connections with the local community.
4. Power Imbalances in Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Language Competence and Social Status
Language skills are often linked to social status. As an immigrant, Monica’s linguistic limitations place her in a disadvantaged position during communication. By apologizing, she attempts to establish more equal dialogue despite this power imbalance.
Mutual Adaptation in Multicultural Societies
Monica’s efforts reflect how immigrants actively adapt to the dominant culture, while the inclusive attitudes of American residents highlight the two-way interaction in a multicultural society. Such mutual adaptation helps ease cultural conflicts and promotes cross-cultural understanding.
5. Family and Cultural Education Influence
Continuation of Family Cultural Values
Monica’s polite behavior is shaped by her Korean cultural background. She likely considers such modest behavior an essential part of family education, which she may pass on to the next generation.
Limitations of Cultural Background on Language Learning
As a first-generation immigrant, Monica may not have received systematic English education, or her learning environment may have prioritized practicality over fluency. This background contributes to her sensitivity about her language abilities.
Conclusion
Monica’s respectful behavior and frequent apologies when communicating with local residents reflect both her psychological strategies for adapting to a new culture and the traditional Korean values of humility. In cross-cultural communication, such behavior can mitigate linguistic disadvantages and build bridges between cultures. At the same time, it reveals the complexity of the tension between language skills and identity among immigrants and the challenges and opportunities of cultural integration.安妮和大卫在教堂交到了新朋友，但莫妮卡英语不好，所以还是有些拘束，融入不进去。说完话立马走向角落，和自己的家人呆在一起。大卫问莫妮卡能不能去朋友家过夜，莫妮卡回答说你应该在家跟姥姥一起睡，大卫就直接对莫妮卡说我不喜欢姥姥。保罗正扛着一个大十字架缓慢地走着，保罗说这就是他的教堂，看着保罗缓慢的身影，雅各布发出不屑的嗤笑，忘了自己的妻子莫妮卡也是个虔诚的教徒。
在电影《米纳里》中，保罗扛着一个大十字架缓慢地行走，并称其为自己的教堂，而雅各布对这一举动嗤之以鼻，表现出一种轻视的态度，甚至忽视了自己的妻子莫妮卡也是一名虔诚的基督徒。这一场景反映了宗教信仰、个人观念以及文化背景在跨文化环境中的复杂交织。以下从跨文化的视角解读这一现象：
1. 宗教信仰与个体差异
宗教的多样性与表达形式
保罗的行为反映了一种公开而深刻的宗教虔诚，他通过身体力行将自己的信仰外化，这种表达方式可能受到美国部分地区宗教文化的影响，尤其是在乡村地区，个人宗教实践常以显性行为表现出来。而雅各布对这种外显的信仰形式不理解甚至轻视，可能是因为他成长于强调务实和隐忍的文化环境中。对雅各布来说，信仰可能更多是一种私密的内心活动，而不是通过行为高调表达。
忽视家庭中的宗教影响
雅各布轻视保罗的虔诚行为，实际上反映了他对妻子宗教信仰的一种潜在忽略。他可能将宗教视为一种无关紧要的个人选择，而没有认识到对莫妮卡而言，信仰可能是她应对生活压力、获得内心安宁的重要支柱。这也表现出家庭成员之间文化观念的潜在冲突。
2. 宗教信仰与文化背景
美国宗教文化的地方性差异
保罗的行为在某些美国地区可能被认为是虔诚的象征，尤其是在宗教传统浓厚的南部地区。这里的基督教信仰不仅是一种个人选择，更是一种社会纽带。而雅各布作为韩国移民，他的文化背景可能与保罗的地方宗教观念存在差异。在韩国，尽管基督教信仰普遍存在，但信仰实践常以较为低调和私人化的方式进行，这与保罗的外显行为形成了对比。
移民文化中的信仰冲突
对于移民家庭而言，跨文化环境中不同的信仰表现形式容易引发误解。雅各布对保罗行为的轻视，某种程度上反映了移民在适应新环境时可能经历的文化冲突。他可能认为这些行为过于夸张，与他自身的务实价值观相悖。
3. 宗教作为跨文化桥梁的挑战
宗教信仰的共通性与差异性
宗教在跨文化交流中既可以是桥梁，也可能成为障碍。莫妮卡与保罗的信仰可能具有一定的共通性，但雅各布无法认同这种外显的信仰表达形式，这使得宗教成为一种潜在的文化冲突源。雅各布对保罗行为的反应表明，文化和个体价值观在宗教信仰的具体实践上可能存在较大差异。
对多样信仰的容忍度
雅各布的轻视态度也显示了他对不同信仰表现形式的接受度较低，这种态度可能进一步影响到他与保罗之间的合作和关系。这种现象提醒我们，在跨文化环境中，理解和尊重不同信仰实践的形式非常重要。
4. 文化中的性别角色与家庭动态
忽视女性信仰的家庭文化
雅各布对莫妮卡宗教信仰的忽视可能反映了在某些文化背景下，男性在家庭决策中占主导地位，而女性的价值观和信仰被边缘化。这种性别角色的动态关系也表现在雅各布对莫妮卡的生活需求和心理状态缺乏足够关注。
家庭成员间的信仰认同
雅各布对宗教的轻视态度可能加剧家庭内部的紧张关系，特别是在莫妮卡面对生活压力和文化适应挑战时，她可能更需要通过信仰寻求支持和慰藉。如果丈夫对这一需求缺乏理解，可能会导致家庭内部的沟通障碍和情感疏离。
结论
在跨文化语境下，雅各布对保罗宗教行为的嗤笑体现了文化背景、个人信仰和移民身份的复杂交织。这一现象提醒我们，在多元文化环境中，宗教信仰不仅仅是一种个人行为，也承载着深厚的文化意义。理解并尊重不同文化中的信仰实践形式，是建立跨文化理解与和谐的关键。同时，这也凸显了在家庭动态中关注彼此信仰和价值观的重要性，从而避免因忽视或轻视他人信仰而引发的矛盾和冲突。
In the film Minari, Paul carries a large wooden cross while walking slowly, calling it his church. Jacob scoffs at this act, showing disdain, even though his own wife Monica is a devout Christian. This scene reflects the complex interplay of religious beliefs, personal perspectives, and cultural backgrounds in a cross-cultural context. Below is an analysis of this phenomenon from the perspective of cross-cultural communication:
1. Religious Belief and Individual Differences
Diversity of Religion and Expression
Paul’s actions demonstrate a public and profound display of religious devotion, likely influenced by the cultural norms of certain parts of the United States, particularly rural areas, where personal religious practices are often expressed explicitly. In contrast, Jacob’s reaction suggests that he views religion as a private matter and sees such overt expressions as excessive or even humorous. This perspective may stem from his cultural upbringing, which values practicality and restraint over externalized religious displays.
Overlooking Religion Within the Family
Jacob’s dismissal of Paul’s devout behavior highlights his lack of recognition of his wife Monica’s religious faith. He may perceive religion as an insignificant personal choice, failing to see that for Monica, faith is a critical source of support and solace amidst life’s challenges. This dynamic reflects the potential for cultural misunderstandings and conflicts within families.
2. Religious Belief and Cultural Background
Regional Differences in American Religious Culture
Paul’s behavior might be regarded as a sign of deep devotion in certain American regions, particularly in the South, where Christianity serves as both a personal belief system and a social bond. Jacob, as a Korean immigrant, may struggle to relate to this view. In Korea, while Christianity is prevalent, its practices are often more subdued and private, contrasting with Paul’s demonstrative approach.
Conflict of Faith in Immigrant Cultures
For immigrant families, differences in how faith is practiced and expressed can lead to misunderstandings. Jacob’s scoffing at Paul’s behavior reflects the cultural conflicts immigrants may face when adapting to a new environment. He might find such behaviors exaggerated or at odds with his practical values.
3. Challenges of Religion as a Cross-Cultural Bridge
Commonalities and Differences in Faith
Religion can act as either a bridge or a barrier in cross-cultural interactions. While Monica and Paul may share elements of Christian faith, Jacob’s inability to appreciate such outward displays of belief reveals how differences in cultural upbringing can turn religion into a source of tension. His reaction underscores the importance of recognizing how cultural and individual values shape religious practice.
Tolerance for Diverse Religious Practices
Jacob’s disdainful attitude toward Paul’s behavior highlights a lack of openness to diverse expressions of faith. This limited tolerance may hinder his ability to work collaboratively with Paul and understand the value of faith for others. This illustrates the need for sensitivity to different religious practices in cross-cultural settings.
4. Gender Roles and Family Dynamics in Cultural Context
Marginalizing Women’s Faith in Family Culture
Jacob’s disregard for Monica’s faith reflects a broader dynamic where, in some cultural contexts, male-dominated family structures may marginalize women’s beliefs and values. His lack of attention to Monica’s spiritual needs underscores the potential for family tensions arising from such dynamics.
Religious Identity Within the Family
Jacob’s dismissive attitude toward religion may deepen rifts within the family, particularly as Monica relies on her faith to cope with life’s stresses and cultural adaptation. His failure to support or acknowledge her belief system may contribute to emotional distance and communication breakdowns within the family.
Conclusion
Jacob’s scoffing at Paul’s religious actions reveals the complex interplay between cultural background, personal belief systems, and immigrant identities. This phenomenon serves as a reminder that religion is not merely an individual choice but often carries profound cultural significance. Understanding and respecting diverse expressions of faith are essential for fostering cross-cultural understanding and harmony. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of acknowledging and supporting faith within family dynamics to avoid conflicts and strengthen familial bonds.
一天下午，只有大卫和姥姥在家。姥姥在看拳击比赛，大卫过去跟她说：“你不是真正的姥姥。”姥姥问：“什么是真正的姥姥？”，大卫回答：“她们会烤饼干，她们不骂人，她们不穿男士裤衩儿。”电影通过空镜拍摄，以及很多农作物的特写镜头，表达了雅各布对于自然的观察与感受。由于雅各布在农场上花了很多钱，导致莫妮卡有点担心。雅各布对她说：“都会好起来，我会照顾好这个家，如果农场失败了，你可以带着孩子离开。”
在电影《米纳里》中，雅各布在农场上投入了大量资金，这让莫妮卡对家庭的财务状况感到担忧。雅各布对她说：“都会好起来，我会照顾好这个家。如果农场失败了，你可以带着孩子离开。” 这段对话揭示了跨文化背景下微妙的文化和情感动态。以下是从跨文化专家视角对这一现象的分析：
1. 男性气概和责任感的文化观念
传统男性角色
雅各布的表态反映了传统男性气概观念，即男性被期待成为家庭的提供者和保护者。他愿意承担所有农场成功的责任，展现了对这一角色的坚守，这可能受到其韩国家庭背景和美国个人独立理念的双重影响。
情感上的牺牲作为责任的一部分
通过提议如果农场失败，莫妮卡可以带着孩子离开，雅各布展现了一种深深根植于文化中的责任感和自我牺牲。这与韩国文化中的儒家价值观一致，在这种价值观中，家庭的福祉常常优先于个人愿望，即便这意味着要承受个人的困难。
2. 移民身份与经济压力
移民追求中的冒险与希望
雅各布重金投入农场，象征着移民追求“美国梦”的精神。他的乐观（“都会好起来”）反映了移民叙事中常见的韧性与希望。然而，他愿意冒如此大的风险，也显示出移民在异国他乡面临的压力，他们往往需要证明自己的成功，即便这种证明可能以家庭稳定为代价。
财务风险与家庭保障的冲突
莫妮卡的担忧体现了一种务实的财务稳定观，这与雅各布追求成功的理想主义形成鲜明对比。在许多移民家庭中，野心与安全之间的这种紧张关系会引发情感压力。
3. 家庭动态与情感距离
缺乏协作性的决策过程
雅各布单方面决定投资农场，并试图通过他的保证来安抚莫妮卡，这表明夫妻间存在沟通障碍。在许多文化中，尤其是在东亚文化中，家庭决策通常是集体的。雅各布的方式偏离了这一规范，可能反映了受美国个人主义文化的影响。
情感距离与性别角色
雅各布的保证，虽然意在安慰莫妮卡，但可能无意中拉开了夫妻间的情感距离。通过暗示农场失败后莫妮卡可以离开，他将自己置于唯一的责任承担者角色，忽视了莫妮卡在家庭集体奋斗中的作用。这种动态反映了传统性别角色与现代婚姻伙伴关系期待之间的矛盾。
4. 跨文化的意义
韩国集体主义与美国个人主义的碰撞
雅各布的行为可以看作是韩国集体主义价值观（家庭福祉至上）和美国个人主义价值观（个人野心驱动决策）的结合。这种文化双重性可能导致家庭内部的误解，因为莫妮卡更注重眼前的稳定，而雅各布专注于长期目标。
不同文化中的情感表达
在韩国文化中，情感上的安慰通常通过微妙的行为而不是直接的言语来表达。雅各布的直白方式可能是对美国文化习惯的适应，但在莫妮卡看来可能显得情感不足，她可能更需要一种合作性和情感共鸣的回应。
结论
雅各布对莫妮卡的保证反映了文化价值、家庭动态和移民经历的复杂交织。他的表态既体现了传统男性气概的负担，也体现了移民实现自我价值的愿望。然而，这也突显了跨文化家庭中可能存在的沟通误解和情感距离。理解这些动态对于在类似背景中培养同理心和家庭凝聚力至关重要。
In the film Minari, Jacob invests a significant amount of money into the farm, causing Monica to worry about their financial stability. In response, Jacob reassures her by saying, "Everything will be fine. I will take care of this family. If the farm fails, you can take the kids and leave." This dialogue reveals nuanced cultural and emotional dynamics within a cross-cultural context. Below is an analysis of this phenomenon from the perspective of a cross-cultural expert:
1. Cultural Notions of Masculinity and Responsibility
Traditional Male Roles
Jacob’s statement reflects the traditional notion of masculinity, where a man is expected to be the provider and protector of the family. His willingness to shoulder all the responsibility for the farm’s success demonstrates his adherence to this role, which may be influenced by both his Korean upbringing and American ideals of self-reliance.
Emotional Sacrifice as a Form of Responsibility
By suggesting that Monica leave with the children if the farm fails, Jacob reveals a deeply ingrained sense of duty and self-sacrifice. This aligns with Confucian values prevalent in Korean culture, where the well-being of the family often takes precedence over individual desires, even if it means enduring personal hardship.
2. Immigrant Identity and Economic Pressure
The Immigrant Experience of Risk and Hope
Jacob’s decision to invest heavily in the farm symbolizes the immigrant pursuit of the "American Dream." His optimism ("Everything will be fine") reflects the resilience and hope often seen in immigrant narratives. However, his willingness to risk everything also highlights the pressure immigrants face to prove their success in a foreign land, sometimes at the cost of family stability.
Conflict Between Financial Risk and Family Security
Monica’s worry reflects a pragmatic approach to financial stability, contrasting Jacob’s idealistic pursuit of success. This dynamic is common in immigrant families, where the tension between ambition and security can create emotional stress.
3. Family Dynamics and Emotional Distance
Lack of Collaborative Decision-Making
Jacob’s unilateral decision to invest in the farm, followed by his reassurance, indicates a communication gap between him and Monica. In many cultures, particularly in East Asian contexts, family decisions are expected to be collective. Jacob’s approach deviates from this norm, reflecting a potential influence of individualistic American cultural values.
Emotional Distance and Gender Roles
Jacob’s reassurance, while meant to comfort, may inadvertently create emotional distance. By suggesting that Monica leave if the farm fails, he frames himself as solely responsible, sidelining Monica’s role in the family’s collective struggles. This dynamic reflects the tension between traditional gender roles and the evolving partnership expectations in modern marriages.
4. Cross-Cultural Implications
Korean Collectivism vs. American Individualism
Jacob’s actions can be seen as a fusion of Korean collectivist values, where family welfare is paramount, and American individualism, where personal ambition drives decisions. This cultural duality may lead to misunderstandings within the family, as Monica prioritizes immediate stability while Jacob focuses on long-term aspirations.
Emotional Expression in Different Cultures
In Korean culture, emotional reassurance often involves subtle gestures rather than direct communication. Jacob’s straightforward approach might reflect an adaptation to American cultural norms, but it may come across as emotionally insufficient to Monica, who seeks a more collaborative and empathetic response.
Conclusion
Jacob’s reassurance to Monica encapsulates the complex interplay of cultural values, family dynamics, and immigrant experiences. His statement reflects both the burden of traditional masculinity and the immigrant aspiration to succeed. However, it also highlights the potential for miscommunication and emotional distance within cross-cultural families. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for fostering empathy and cohesion in such contexts.
雅各布自己找的水源枯竭了，为了保住收成，他在半夜自行将饮用水管打开输送水源救治农场。雅各布的农场终于迎来了大丰收，由于这是他和保罗一起努力得出的结果，所以他表扬保罗说：“干得好，你干得非常好。”大卫找衣服的时候被掉下来的抽屉砸伤了脚，以及雅各布在工作时不小心把篮子里的小鸡弄掉同时发生。莫妮卡早已知道由于雅各布把所有的水都用在作物上，导致家里没水用，但她只是和母亲表达不满，却没有跟雅各布说。一家人在用餐时，女生要准备餐桌、加饭、加菜，连中风半瘫的姥姥也用颤抖的手给大卫倒水。保罗来雅各布家做客时，主动提出要帮他们的房子驱邪，雅各布不信这一套，但莫尼卡愿意试试。
在电影《米纳里》中，保罗到雅各布家做客时主动提出要帮助他们的房子驱邪。这一场景反映了不同文化和信仰在移民家庭和多元社会中的碰撞和适应。从跨文化的视角来看，这一现象可以解析为以下几方面：
1. 宗教信仰的多样性与冲突
保罗的行为
保罗主动提议驱邪，表明他对自己的宗教信仰极为虔诚。这种仪式反映了一些基督教教派对驱邪和祈福的重视。在保罗的文化背景中，这种行为可能被视为关怀与祝福的表达，而非干涉或不礼貌。
雅各布的怀疑态度
雅各布对驱邪的行为持怀疑态度，可能反映出他对宗教仪式的实用性持保留意见。许多韩国移民虽然拥有儒家或基督教背景，但他们对宗教仪式的态度可能更倾向于象征意义，而非深度参与。这也可能说明雅各布对传统信仰与实用主义的平衡更为关注。
莫妮卡的接受
莫妮卡愿意尝试驱邪仪式，显示了她对宗教信仰的开放态度。这可能源于她更倾向于将宗教视为一种精神寄托，尤其是在面对生活困难和不确定性时。她的行为表明了移民家庭中不同成员对宗教的接受程度可能存在差异。
2. 移民家庭中的信仰与文化适应
移民经历对信仰的影响
对于移民家庭来说，宗教信仰不仅是文化认同的一部分，也可能成为面对生活挑战时的一种心理支持。保罗的驱邪行为象征着他希望通过自己的信仰为他人提供帮助，而莫妮卡对这种帮助持开放态度，可能反映了移民在文化适应过程中对不同信仰和习俗的包容。
夫妻之间的信仰差异
雅各布和莫妮卡对驱邪的态度不同，反映了夫妻间在宗教信仰上的差异。雅各布更加关注实际的解决方案，而莫妮卡则更容易接受带有象征意义的仪式。这种差异可能会在移民家庭中经常出现，因为每位家庭成员在适应新环境时所表现出的策略和信仰倾向可能不同。
3. 驱邪的象征性与文化背景
韩国文化中的类似传统
在韩国传统文化中，也存在类似驱邪的仪式，例如“撒盐”或“家宅祈福”等习俗。这些仪式通常用于驱赶厄运或迎接好运。莫妮卡接受驱邪的提议，可能反映了她对保罗行为的熟悉感，甚至将其与韩国的传统习俗联系起来。
美国南方文化中的宗教仪式
保罗的驱邪行为可能还体现了美国南方文化中基督教教派的普遍实践。在这一文化背景中，宗教信仰渗透到日常生活中，类似驱邪的行为通常被视为一种关怀的表现，而非干涉。
4. 跨文化沟通中的适应与妥协
开放与尊重的重要性
雅各布虽然不相信驱邪的有效性，但并未完全阻止保罗的行为，这表现出一种基本的文化尊重和包容。而莫妮卡的接受态度则表明，在面对不同文化时，开放的心态能够促进跨文化交流。
文化背景对信仰态度的影响
雅各布的怀疑和莫妮卡的接受可以看作是个人文化背景、性格和移民经历的共同作用。在多元文化社会中，家庭成员需要在保持自身信仰的同时，理解和包容他人的信仰差异。
结论
这一场景展示了移民家庭在面对不同文化习俗时的复杂反应。雅各布的怀疑和莫妮卡的接受不仅反映了他们个人的信仰态度，也揭示了跨文化交流中信仰差异的处理方式。通过理解这种现象，我们可以更深刻地认识到在多元文化社会中，尊重和包容彼此信仰的重要性。
In the film Minari, Paul visits Jacob's house and offers to perform an exorcism. Jacob is skeptical, but Monica is willing to try. This scene reflects the collision and adaptation of different cultures and beliefs within an immigrant family in a multicultural society. This phenomenon can be analyzed as follows:
1. Diversity and Conflict of Religious Beliefs
Paul's Behavior
Paul's offer to perform an exorcism shows his deep devotion to his Christian faith. Such rituals reflect the emphasis some Christian denominations place on exorcism and blessings. In Paul's cultural context, this act might be seen as a gesture of care and goodwill rather than interference or rudeness.
Jacob's Skepticism
Jacob's doubtful attitude toward the ritual may reflect a pragmatic approach to religion, where rituals are more symbolic than actively practiced. This may also indicate that Jacob prioritizes practicality over traditional beliefs, a balance often observed in Korean immigrant families.
Monica's Acceptance
Monica's willingness to try the exorcism reflects her openness to religious practices, likely viewing them as a source of spiritual solace, especially amidst life's uncertainties. Her attitude highlights how members of immigrant families may have varying levels of acceptance toward religion.
2. Faith and Cultural Adaptation in Immigrant Families
Impact of Immigration on Faith
For immigrant families, religion often serves as both a part of cultural identity and a source of psychological support in facing challenges. Paul's exorcism represents his attempt to offer help through his faith, while Monica’s openness to the ritual suggests a willingness to adapt and embrace different practices as part of the cultural adjustment process.
Differences in Religious Beliefs Between Spouses
The differing attitudes of Jacob and Monica toward exorcism reflect a common scenario where couples hold varying views on religion. Jacob focuses more on practical solutions, whereas Monica is more receptive to symbolic gestures, a dynamic often seen in immigrant families as they adapt to new environments.
3. Symbolism of Exorcism in Cultural Contexts
Similar Practices in Korean Traditions
Korean culture includes analogous practices, such as salt scattering or house blessings, aimed at dispelling bad luck and welcoming good fortune. Monica’s acceptance of the exorcism might stem from a sense of familiarity with these rituals, possibly associating Paul’s actions with Korean customs.
Religious Practices in the American South
Paul's exorcism also reflects the common practices of certain Christian denominations in the American South, where faith is deeply integrated into daily life. Such rituals are typically viewed as expressions of care rather than intrusions.
4. Adaptation and Compromise in Cross-Cultural Communication
The Importance of Openness and Respect
Although Jacob does not believe in the efficacy of the exorcism, he does not entirely oppose Paul’s actions, demonstrating a basic level of cultural respect. Monica's willingness to participate further illustrates how an open attitude can facilitate cross-cultural communication.
Influence of Cultural Background on Faith
Jacob’s skepticism and Monica’s acceptance reflect the interplay of personal cultural backgrounds, personalities, and immigration experiences. In a multicultural society, family members must navigate maintaining their own beliefs while understanding and accommodating others.
Conclusion
This scene illustrates the complex reactions of immigrant families when encountering unfamiliar cultural practices. Jacob's doubt and Monica's acceptance highlight not only their individual attitudes toward faith but also the challenges and compromises involved in cross-cultural interaction. Understanding such phenomena underscores the importance of mutual respect and openness in navigating belief differences in a diverse society.
保罗问雅各布你想让我帮你祈祷吗？，雅各布气冲冲地对他说：“为什么要祈祷，不用了，我不需要。“然后，为了让保罗离开，又对他说：”明天早点来，好吗？事很多？“在一次一家人去城里医院给大卫看病时，莫妮卡劝雅各布一起回加州，并对他说比农场更重要的是一家人在一起。但是雅各布拒绝和莫妮卡一起回加州，他对莫妮卡说：”孩子得看到我成功一次。“可见雅各布认为应该在孩子面前展现一个成功的父亲形象，并认为为了这一成功可以和家人们分开。
在电影《米纳里》中，当一家人去城里的医院为大卫看病时，莫妮卡劝说雅各布回加州，并告诉他，比起农场，最重要的是全家人在一起。然而，雅各布拒绝与莫妮卡一起回加州，他对莫妮卡说：“孩子得看到我成功一次。”这反映了雅各布认为，他必须在孩子面前展示一个成功的父亲形象，即便为了这一成功他可以与家人暂时分开。
从跨文化的角度来看，这一场景可以从以下几个方面进行分析：
1. 文化中的成功与男性气质
韩国文化中的父亲角色
雅各布想要在孩子面前展现成功的愿望受到了韩国传统文化的影响，在这种文化中，家庭的荣誉和父亲的角色常常与父亲的成功紧密相连。在许多亚洲文化中，父亲被视为家庭的主要提供者和保护者，他的成功代表着家庭的稳定和社会地位。这种文化背景影响了雅各布的行为，他认为，父亲的成功不仅是个人的成就，也关系到家庭的未来。
父权制期望
雅各布认为孩子需要看到他的成功，这也体现了许多文化中对父亲角色的期望。在传统的父权制社会中，父亲被视为家庭的支柱，肩负着提供经济支持和展示成功的责任。雅各布的这一信念反映了内化的文化压力，认为父亲的成功是家庭稳定的基础。
2. 移民梦想与成功的负担
移民经历和牺牲
雅各布拒绝和莫妮卡一起回加州，也反映了移民的梦想和奋斗。他决心在新国家为家庭建立一个更好的未来，即使这意味着个人的牺牲。对于许多移民来说，成功不仅仅是个人的目标，更是证明自己在新国家扎根的方式。这种对于成功的追求推动了雅各布继续坚持在农场上工作。
家庭与野心的冲突
雅各布的决定也反映了许多移民面临的内心冲突——野心与家庭之间的抉择。一方面，他希望确保家庭的未来，另一方面，他又可能牺牲与家人的亲密关系。在这种情境下，农场不仅仅是一个生计问题，它还是雅各布在新国家实现梦想的象征。
3. 父亲角色与情感疏离
父亲角色中的情感距离
雅各布的专注于成功而忽视家庭团聚，实际上反映了传统父亲角色中常见的情感疏离。在许多文化中，父亲认为提供经济支持和取得成功是自己对家庭的最大贡献，这往往导致他与孩子之间的情感联系不足。雅各布渴望展现自己的成功，而非创造亲密关系或满足家庭的情感需求。
展示强大形象的需要
雅各布拒绝回加州，也显示了他想要展示强大和控制的欲望。他希望孩子们看到自己应对困境的能力，并成为孩子们的榜样。雅各布认为，这种成功的展现能够增强父亲形象，体现出父亲在家庭中的支柱作用，即使这意味着情感上的牺牲。
4. 雅各布与莫妮卡的价值观冲突
莫妮卡的视角
莫妮卡则更看重家庭的团聚而非成功，她希望和家人一起回到加州，这代表了一种更重视情感连接的生活方式。她认为，作为一个家庭，应该优先考虑亲情和团结，而不是追求外在的成功。这种观点可能是受到韩国社会传统文化的影响，在这种文化中，家庭成员之间的依赖关系和亲密无间非常重要，但也可以反映出莫妮卡对于生活的实际需求，她更倾向于理性看待生活和家庭的需要。
婚姻中的价值观冲突
这对夫妻之间的冲突体现了两种不同的价值观：一种是强调个人成就，另一种是强调家庭关系。在移民背景下，这种冲突可能会变得更加复杂，因为他们不仅要在保持传统文化价值和适应新生活之间找到平衡，还要应对生存压力。
5. 文化适应中的情感冲突
雅各布的情感疏离
雅各布坚持成功优先于家庭团聚，可能也是他情感疏离的一种表现。许多移民家庭中，移民父亲往往将成功视为家庭幸福的关键，而忽视了情感上的亲密连接。雅各布对于“展示成功”的执着，更关注能证明自己能力的实际结果，而非家庭成员之间的情感支持。
文化适应与牺牲
雅各布的决定也代表了移民在适应新生活时的文化牺牲。他希望通过实现成功来证明自己，并为家庭创造更好的未来，而忽视了与家人共度时光的重要性。对雅各布来说，这种成功不仅是实现个人梦想的方式，也是证明自己适应新环境、为家庭奋斗的途径。
This scene can be analyzed in the following ways:
1. Cultural Emphasis on Success and Masculinity
The Role of the Father in Korean Culture
Jacob's desire to show success to his children is influenced by traditional Korean values that place great importance on family reputation and the role of the father as the primary provider and protector. In many Asian cultures, the father’s success is seen as a reflection of the family’s honor and stability. This is especially true in the context of immigrant families, where there is often a strong drive to prove oneself in a new country.
Patriarchal Expectations
Jacob’s belief that his children need to see him succeed is rooted in patriarchal expectations, which are common in both Korean and American cultures. In traditional patriarchal systems, fathers are expected to be the economic providers and to display strength and success as a means of ensuring their family's future. His desire to maintain this image of success, even at the expense of family unity, highlights the internalized pressures placed on fathers to fulfill these roles.
2. The Immigrant Dream and the Burden of Success
Immigrant Experience and Sacrifice
Jacob’s refusal to return to California with his family can be seen as a reflection of the immigrant dream—he is determined to build something for his family in the new land, even if it means personal sacrifice. The idea of success as the ultimate goal in life is a driving force for many immigrants, who may feel the pressure to achieve in order to justify the sacrifices they made in leaving their homeland. This manifests in Jacob’s decision to stay at the farm and prove that he can make it work.
Struggle Between Family and Ambition
Jacob’s decision also represents the internal conflict many immigrants face between ambition and family. On one hand, Jacob wants to secure a better future for his family, but on the other hand, he risks sacrificing the immediate emotional needs of his loved ones. In this sense, the farm symbolizes not just a livelihood, but the realization of his dreams and aspirations in a new country.
3. Fatherhood and Emotional Disconnect
The Father’s Role in Emotional Distance
Jacob’s focus on success over family unity can also be seen as a reflection of the emotional distance often created by the traditional roles fathers play. In many cultures, fathers may feel that providing for the family financially and achieving success is the most important way to contribute, which can result in a lack of emotional connection with their children. Jacob’s desire to "show success" is about proving something tangible rather than creating emotional closeness or fulfilling relational needs.
The Importance of Demonstrating Strength
Jacob’s refusal to return with Monica also reflects his desire to demonstrate strength and control. His children may see him as a role model, and Jacob wants to be seen as someone who can handle adversity and succeed despite challenges. This highlights a cultural expectation for fathers to be the pillars of strength, even if this means emotional sacrifice.
4. Cultural Differences Between Jacob and Monica
Monica’s Perspective
Monica, on the other hand, emphasizes family unity over success. Her wish to return to California represents a more relational approach to family life, valuing the emotional well-being of her children and the importance of staying together as a family. This could be influenced by the cultural norms of family in Korean society, where interdependence and togetherness are highly valued, but also reflects a more pragmatic approach to life that is common in both American and Korean immigrant contexts.
Clashing Values in Marriage
This conflict between Jacob and Monica represents the tension between two different value systems: one that prioritizes individual achievement and the other that prioritizes familial relationships. In an immigrant context, such a clash can be exacerbated by the pressures of building a life in a new country, where financial stability and success are often seen as necessary for family survival and well-being.
5. Emotional Conflict and Cultural Adaptation
Jacob’s Emotional Disconnect
Jacob’s insistence on success over family might also reflect his emotional disconnect, something common in many immigrant families. The drive for success can overshadow the need for emotional closeness or shared family experiences. The scene underscores how Jacob is motivated by the desire to prove his worth not only to his family but also to himself and society.
Cultural Adaptation and Sacrifice
Jacob’s decision highlights the sacrifices made in the name of the immigrant dream. His desire for success over emotional fulfillment is an attempt to reconcile his cultural values with the demands of a new life in America. The conflict between Jacob and Monica represents a broader narrative of cultural adaptation, where immigrants must navigate between maintaining traditional cultural values and adapting to the practicalities of their new environment.
Conclusion
Jacob's refusal to return to California with Monica and his desire to show his children success is a cultural phenomenon rooted in the immigrant experience, traditional values of masculinity, and the pressure to achieve in a new land. The tension between Jacob’s ambition and Monica’s desire for family unity underscores the complex emotional dynamics in immigrant families, as they navigate the balance between achieving success and preserving familial relationships. This scene highlights the cultural sacrifices made in pursuit of success and the emotional cost of achieving the American Dream.
当莫妮卡提出分手时，雅各布对她说现在大卫的病情好了，农产品也能卖出去了，现在我们可以赚钱了，可以无忧无虑地生活，让她别再说分手的事儿。
在电影《米纳里》中，莫妮卡提出分手时，雅各布回应说大卫的病情好了，农产品也开始有了销售，现在他们可以赚钱并无忧无虑地生活，这一场景反映了在移民家庭中的文化冲突以及传统家庭观念的体现。
1. 经济成功与家庭稳定的文化观念
在许多文化中，尤其是移民家庭，经济稳定被视为家庭幸福和稳定的基础。雅各布的回应体现了一个传统的文化观念：家庭的稳定首先是建立在经济成功上的。在许多以务实和生计为主的文化中，父亲往往将提供经济支持视为自己最大的责任和义务。这种观念根植于许多国家的父权文化中，认为只有通过经济的改善和稳定，家庭成员才能享有幸福的生活。
在《米纳里》这部影片中，雅各布的做法与传统的男性角色观念密切相关。他认为，只要经济条件改善，一切问题就能迎刃而解。这是许多文化中对于“成功父亲”角色的期望，即父亲不仅是家庭的经济支柱，还承担着确保家庭物质需求得到满足的责任。
2. 经济与情感的关系
雅各布的回应也反映了一个文化现象：经济上的成功能够修复关系中的紧张。当雅各布说“现在我们可以赚钱了，可以无忧无虑地生活”时，他暗示了经济的改善将有助于解决其他家庭内部的问题，尤其是婚姻中的冲突。在许多文化中，尤其是在那些强调家庭责任的文化中，经济上的困境往往被视为导致婚姻不和的原因。因此，经济改善成为了缓解家庭紧张关系的一种方式。
雅各布的反应也说明了他认为家庭问题的根本原因在于物质上的匮乏，而非情感上的疏离。在某些文化中，解决家庭问题的方式通常是通过经济手段，而忽视了情感层面的交流与沟通。
3. 男性自我认同与家庭角色
雅各布的“现在我们可以赚钱了”不仅是对现实困境的回应，也是他作为丈夫和父亲角色的认同。他的“成功”与家庭的幸福是紧密相连的，而这种“成功”主要通过经济成就来体现。在雅各布看来，物质的改善能够证明自己的努力和成就，且这种成就能够带来家庭的稳定和幸福。
这也是移民家庭中常见的文化现象，尤其是对于男士来说，通过经济奋斗证明自我价值是非常重要的。对于雅各布来说，自己的价值和家庭的幸福是密切相关的，他认为如果自己能“成功”，那么妻子和孩子就不再需要担忧生活问题，婚姻也就能够恢复和谐。
4. 对“分手”这一话题的文化反应
雅各布的反应还显示了他在文化上对于“分手”这一概念的理解。在许多文化中，尤其是以家庭为核心的社会，离婚或分手通常被视为一种失败或不被接受的选择。因此，雅各布对莫妮卡提出分手的想法感到反感，并试图通过经济改善来消解这种不安。他的反应在某种程度上也反映了对“分手”这种选择的排斥，认为家庭问题可以通过努力工作和经济成功来修复，而不是通过离开彼此。
5. 文化中的“责任”和“牺牲”
雅各布强调“现在可以赚钱了”，这也反映了移民家庭中常见的价值观，即通过个人牺牲来支撑家庭的责任。许多移民父亲在家庭中承受着巨大的经济压力，他们往往认为自己需要为家庭的未来奋斗，忽略了可能存在的情感问题和婚姻中的矛盾。雅各布在这个场景中的做法，也展示了他愿意继续为家庭付出，不惜任何代价，即使这种牺牲可能导致他与妻子的情感疏远。
结论
从跨文化的角度来看，雅各布的回应反映了一个文化现象：通过经济的改善来解决家庭中的问题。在许多文化中，尤其是传统和移民家庭中，父亲往往认为经济上的成功是解决所有问题的关键。雅各布的回应不仅展示了他作为家庭支柱的角色，也反映了对于“分手”这一话题的排斥，以及他对家庭责任和个人牺牲的文化认同。这一场景揭示了移民家庭中因经济压力而产生的情感冲突，以及文化中对成功和家庭责任的高度重视。
In the movie Minari, when Monica suggests separation, Jacob responds by saying that David's health has improved, the crops are selling, and now they can make money and live without worries. He asks her to stop talking about separation. This scene reflects cultural conflicts in immigrant families and the emphasis on traditional family values.
1. The Cultural Belief of Economic Success and Family Stability
In many cultures, particularly within immigrant families, economic stability is seen as the foundation of family happiness and stability. Jacob's response reflects a traditional cultural belief: family stability is primarily built on economic success. In cultures that are pragmatic and focused on livelihood, fathers often view providing economic support as their primary responsibility. This belief is deeply rooted in patriarchal cultures, where it is thought that only through financial improvement and stability can a family enjoy a happy life.
Jacob’s approach in Minari is closely tied to traditional male roles. He believes that as long as they achieve economic success, everything else will fall into place. This belief reflects the expectations of a "successful father" in many cultures—one who is not only the economic provider but also the guarantor of the family’s material needs.
2. The Relationship Between Economics and Emotion
Jacob’s response also highlights a cultural phenomenon: economic success can mend emotional strains within a relationship. When Jacob says, "Now we can make money and live without worries," he implies that economic improvement will help solve other problems within the family, particularly marital conflicts. In many cultures, especially those that place a high value on family responsibility, financial difficulties are often seen as the root cause of marital discord. Thus, economic improvement becomes a way to ease family tensions.
Jacob’s perspective also reveals that he believes the fundamental issue in their family is material lack, rather than emotional disconnect. In certain cultures, particularly those that prioritize family obligations, the way to fix family problems is often through financial means, rather than addressing emotional communication or relational issues.
3. Male Identity and Family Roles
Jacob's statement "Now we can make money" not only responds to the immediate crisis but also affirms his role as a husband and father. His sense of success and family happiness is closely tied to economic achievements, and these achievements are presented as a validation of his efforts. For Jacob, material improvement is a form of proof that he is fulfilling his duty as the head of the family.
This is a common cultural phenomenon in immigrant families, especially for men, who view economic struggle as a way to prove their self-worth. For Jacob, his value and the happiness of his family are interconnected, and he believes that if he can "succeed," his wife and children will no longer have to worry about material issues, and the marriage will be restored to harmony.
4. Cultural Reaction to the Idea of Separation
Jacob’s reaction also reflects his cultural understanding of the concept of separation. In many cultures, particularly those that are family-centered, divorce or separation is often seen as a failure or an unacceptable choice. As a result, Jacob reacts negatively to Monica's suggestion of separation, and he tries to alleviate this fear through economic improvement. His response reflects a cultural aversion to the idea of separation, believing that family problems can be resolved through hard work and financial success, rather than by separating from one another.
Jacob's response also indicates that he perceives the issue of separation as something that can be solved if only they achieve material success. He suggests that everything will be fine once they are financially stable, implying that the emotional aspects of their relationship can be healed through financial improvement.
5. “Responsibility” and “Sacrifice” in Culture
Jacob’s emphasis on "now we can make money" also reveals a cultural value of sacrificing oneself for the sake of family responsibility. Many immigrant fathers carry immense economic pressure and believe they must fight for the family's future. They often view personal sacrifice as essential, and this can lead them to overlook emotional issues and the strains in their marriage. Jacob’s actions in this scene show that he is willing to continue sacrificing for the family’s well-being, even if this sacrifice leads to emotional distance between him and his wife.
This is a common cultural phenomenon in immigrant families, where the father’s role is often seen as one of extreme responsibility, even at the cost of personal relationships. In Jacob’s mind, achieving success for the family’s financial future justifies his personal sacrifice, even if it means neglecting the emotional needs of his relationship with Monica.
Conclusion
From a cross-cultural perspective, Jacob’s response in this scene reflects a cultural phenomenon: economic success is seen as the solution to family problems. In many cultures, particularly in traditional and immigrant families, fathers often believe that financial success is the key to resolving any issues within the family. Jacob’s response not only showcases his role as the family provider but also reflects a cultural understanding of family responsibility and personal sacrifice. This scene reveals the emotional tensions within immigrant families caused by economic stress, as well as the cultural emphasis on success and responsibility within the family structure.
当他们从医院回到家后，发现仓库里着火了，雅各布让妻子孩子在外面待在车里，一个人冲进仓库抢救蔬菜。莫妮卡把母亲扶到车边，自己也冲进去。夫妻俩拼命抢救蔬菜，可是火势越来越大，最后他们放弃蔬菜，两人一起逃离火场。
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2024年11月18日